Key words: weaned piglets; organic acidifier; production performance; intestinal health
Aiwei acid LH : Novos formic acid type organic acid product; Avic acid DA: complex organic acid product; PRO: organic acid
1 Introduction
Weaning can cause stress in piglets, digestive system dysfunction, and intestinal diseases. Many factors can cause weaning stress, such as environmental changes, insufficient production of hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, feeding high-acid feeds (Eidelsburger, 1997), and increasing harmful microorganisms (such as E. coli) in the small intestine. The intestine digestible nutrient is fermented.
Today, focusing on food safety and human health, organic acidifiers, as a substitute for some antibiotic growth-promoting additives, have played an important role in improving the performance and intestinal health of poultry and piglets, and have become an important Nutritional measures. The acidifying agent regulates the intestinal microbial balance of animals, proliferates beneficial bacteria, inhibits harmful bacteria, lowers intestinal pH, increases digestive enzyme activity, increases nutrient digestibility, slows gastric emptying speed, and improves animal anti-stress and immunity Functional aspects (Partanen, 2001; Jensen et al, 2003; Mroz, 2001, 2003; Roth and Kirchgessner, 1998; Mroz, 2005; Kluge et al., 2006). The study of adding organic acidifiers to piglet feed has been started since the 1960s. Domestic research on acidification of piglet diets started late and was mainly limited to the study of additive effects. However, reports on the effects of their effects are not completely consistent at home and abroad. The reason may be that different types of acidifiers and their salts may have different pathways or patterns of action on animal metabolism (KasPROwicz-Potocka et al., 2009), plus, for example, dietary composition and acid binding, protein source, and animal growth stage. The health conditions and weaning time, the environmental conditions of animal feeding and the level of acidifier addition, etc., the production cost and economic benefit of acidifiers vary greatly in production practice. Therefore, a comparative study of different combinations and ratios of acidifiers is necessary. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of organic acidifier (Activate LH) and complex acid preparations (DA+PRO, LH+PRO, LH+ Chinese medicine, LH+PRO+ Chinese medicine) on the performance and intestinal health of weaned piglets.
2 Materials and methods
2.1 Test Animals and Feeding Management
540 long and large binary cross-breeding piglets were selected, weaned at 21 days of age, and mixed with male and female. 0-7 d after weaning was the pre-feeding period, and the commercial milk substitute was fed. The formal test was started for 4 weeks when the average body weight was 28.3±0.4 kg (P>0.05) at 28 days. The test piglets were grounded, semi-open pig houses and naturally ventilated. Piglets are free to eat and drink. Immunization and deworming procedures are performed simultaneously on a routine basis. Observe and record the feeding and health status of piglets at any time.
2.2 Test group and diet
The single-factor randomized group trial design was divided into 6 treatment groups, with 6 replicates per treatment and 15 piglets per replicate. The control group was fed with basal diet and 5 test groups were supplemented with 0.3% organic acidifier LH, DA+PRO, LH+ PRO, LH+ Chinese medicine, LH+PRO+ Chinese medicine (I, II, III, IV and V) in the basal diet. group). The organic acidifier is supplied by Novus International. The whole period of the experiment was 28 days and divided into three growth stages, which were 28-35 days in the early stage, 35-42 days in the middle stage and 42-56 days in the late stage. Ligamycin (Pfizer, USA) was added to all test pig diets, and 75 g/T of antioxidant (Norweg International) was added to each treatment group. Feed the piglet commercial milk replacer in the early stage of the test, and replace 10% of the milk replacer every day from the middle of the period and gradually transition to the later basic diet.
The basal diet was selected from the corn-soybean meal type. The nutrient needs to refer to the NCC (1998) “Nutrition Needs of Pigs†for the apparent digestible amino acid pattern. The diet composition and nutrient composition are shown in Table 1.
2.3 Determination index
2.3.1 Production performance measurement index
Feed intake: accurately record the feed amount and residual amount of each test pig, calculate the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of each piglet in each growth stage and the whole period; daily gain: test pig starts and ends every week Weighed in 7:00 in the morning on a fasting basis, recording the initial body weight (IBW) and the final body weight (FBW), and calculating the average daily gain (ADG) of each growth stage and the whole period of each piglet; F/G): Calculated according to ADFI and ADG of each growth stage and full period of piglets.
2.3.2 Piglet diarrhea rate
Fecal scores were taken for each replicated test pig each day. Using a 5-level scoring system, 5 points = normal feces, all feces are formed; 4 points = a small amount of watery feces or anal redness; 3 points = more than 1/3 of pig diarrhea; 2 points = more than half of pig diarrhea; 1 point = more than 2/3 of pig diarrhea.
2.3.3 Rectal fecal microbial detection
On the 7th, 10th and 17th day of the experiment (ie 35d, 38d, 45d of the pig growth stage), a pig was randomly selected from each replicate, and the rectal stool sample was taken under sterile conditions and placed in a sterile container. Temporarily stored in the ice box and immediately sent to the laboratory, inoculated on the medium of Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens according to the operating procedures, and the total number of colonies was calculated by the plate counting method.
2.4 Data Processing
The data obtained from the experiment were processed by Excel, and the variance analysis was performed using the SPSS 9.0 software GLM program, and multiple comparisons were performed using Duncan.
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