Xi'an decoration classroom Chen Gong decoration tips two cement also have shelf life.
As long as tiling, cement will be used, but in addition to the clean construction method, few people think of cement to buy the best, which is definitely a misunderstanding. The quality of cement is directly related to the tile's adhesive strength. If you do not want to stay for 2-3 months, the tiles will start to fall off and fall off. It is recommended to purchase high-quality brand-name cement from supermarkets.
Production date: The cement must use the production date within 30 days, otherwise the cement's bonding ability will drop.
Where to Buy: Cement is best purchased in building materials supermarkets and is optimistic about the date of manufacture.
How to use: Use good cement, do not add 108 glue at the time of tiling.
Cement label: home use 325 cement on it.
Cement group purchase: cement can be more than 3 tons, can be organized to buy, manufacturers responsible for delivery. 3 tons is basically the amount of 2-3 home decoration, so it is not complicated to organize. Group purchase price is about 14.3 yuan a bag, 50 kg per bag.
Expert Tips:
Simple identification of cement
1, the amount should be enough, the cement bag is full, almost no collapse.
2, use a disposable cup to put a little cement, add water and mix well, after standing for 6 hours, poke a stamp by hand, smashing, poked and not open is a good cement.
3, cement that can not be solidified for more than 12 hours is of poor quality. If the worker tells you that the tiles can still be replaced and replaced by the day before, the cement quality must be very poor.
How to choose aluminum buckle board?
Aluminum buckle specifications:
The 600mm×600mm microporous square plate, F297H30 strip plate, and M185H20 aluminum buckle plate are widely used in the market.
Aluminum buckle plate is divided into two kinds of surface punching and plane. The surface punching can breathe sound and sound, and the interior of the buckle plate is covered with a layer of film cushion, and the moisture can be absorbed by the film through the punching hole, so it is most suitable for the kitchen with more moisture.
How to distinguish the quality of aluminum buckle:
The quality of aluminum buckles is not entirely thin and thick, but the key lies in the texture of aluminum. Home use aluminum buckle, 0.6 mm is enough. To identify the aluminum pinch, in addition to paying attention to the surface finish, we must also observe whether the board is thin and even, and if we feel it by hand, we can see if the elasticity and toughness are good.
Aluminum buckle ceiling method:
The aluminum buckle plate ceiling has two installation methods: light steel keel and wooden side keel. Wood will be deformed under the influence of temperature and humidity, so that a long time, some wood between the large deformation, and some small, the final result is uneven deformation of the ceiling, on the contrary, the use of light steel keel method Installation, because all the materials above the ceiling are metal, minimizing the deformation, so the installation of light steel keel is the most desirable.
Ceiling costs:
The cost of the ceiling is composed of three parts: the first is the money of the aluminum gusset; the second is the material cost of the corner, the general dealer will help you calculate how many corners you need based on the situation of your home; the third part is the labor money It should include all dressings.
Expert Tips:
In the city of building materials, many salesmen would say that their aluminum gussets are 0.8 millimeters, and some friends said that someone introduced him to 0.88 millimeters; this kind of board is usually not up to standard, so it can only be taken in thickness. Normal 0.6 mm is enough.
Pay attention to waterproofing before tiling
Personnel: It usually requires 1-2 bricklayers.
Order: First put wall tiles, then paste tiles.
Time: A good bricklayer sticks 5-6 squares a day, otherwise it is difficult to guarantee quality. Especially in the case of windowsills where small diagonals are needed, it is time consuming.
1, paving color glazed tiles:
Treat grassroots → bullets → tile soaking wet → spread cement mortar → install standard block → paving bricks → sew → clean → curing.
2, paving ceramic mosaic tiles (mosaic) categories:
Deal with grassroots → elastic line, marking bar → paving cement mortar → paving → tapping → sprinkling, peeling paper → picking, filling, cleaning → cleaning.
Expert Tips:
Essentials for Construction of Ceramic Tiles
1. The concrete floor should cut the base layer, cut the hair to a depth of 5 to 10 mm, and cut the distance between the cuts to be about 30 mm. After that, clean the floating ash, mortar, and oil stains, and produce scattered water to sweep the ground.
2. Before the paving, a good line should be played. On the ground, a reference line at right angles to the doorway opening should be popped. The line should be started from the entrance to ensure that the entrance is a whole brick, and the non-complete brick is placed under the overcast or furniture. The vertical and horizontal positioning control lines appear.
3, before laying ceramic tiles, ceramic tiles should be soaked in the shade
4. When laying, cement mortar should be fully applied on the back of the ceramic floor tile. At the same time, use a level ruler to check and correct and wipe the surface cement mortar.
5. After 2 to 3 hours of paving, use white cement to wipe the joints. Use cement mortar and sand=1:1 (volume ratio) cement mortar. The joints should be densely packed and smooth. Wipe the surface with cotton again.
The basic knowledge of circuit reform
(1) Basic requirements
1.1 Each household shall be equipped with a separate distribution box. The leakage circuit breaker shall be provided in the distribution box. The leakage current shall not exceed 30mA. There shall be overload and overvoltage protection functions, and the points shall be routed out to control the lighting, air conditioning, sockets, etc. respectively. The loop should ensure the normal use of the load.
1.2 The laying of conductors shall be carried out in accordance with the decorative design provisions. Short-circuit protection, overload protection, selection of conductor cross-sections, and installation of low-voltage electrical installations shall be carried out in accordance with current national standards and relevant regulations of Shanghai.
1.3 The indoor wiring shall be laid through pipes in addition to the hollow floor, and a well-insulated single-stranded copper conductor shall be used. When laying through pipes, the total cross-sectional area of ​​the conductors in the pipe shall not exceed 40% of the cross-sectional area of ​​the pipe's inner diameter. There shall be no joints or kinks in the pipe. Wires and telephone lines, closed-circuit television lines, communication lines, etc. must not be installed in the same pipeline.
1.4 The cross section of the lighting and electric heating load shall be selected so that the safe ampacity of the conductor is not greater than the sum of the rated currents of all the electrical appliances in the branch, and the capacity of each sub-route shall not exceed the capacity of the incoming line.
1.5 The grounding protection shall be reliable, and the insulation resistance between the conductors and between conductors shall be greater than 0.5MΩ.
1.6 The thickness of the wall of the PVC plastic conduit for entering a household shall not be less than 1.2mm.
1.7 The heater installation shall not use ordinary sockets and shall not be directly installed on combustible components. Bathroom sockets should be splashproof.
1.8 The outlet should not be less than 200mm from the ground. There should be a margin in the wire inside the box, and the length should be 150mm. When the wiring phase into the switch, the zero line directly into the lamp, screw mouth lamp phase line should not be connected to the shell, the lamp opening distance from the ground should be 1.3mm, the switch should not be installed after the door.
1.9 The electrical piping in the flat top shall be in accordance with the requirements of the open piping and the piping shall not be fixed to the flat top hanger or keel. The configuration of the lamp box and junction box should be easy to repair and cover plate. If the hose is used to receive the lamp, its length should not exceed 1m. Hose applications at both ends of the dedicated connector and junction box, lighting fixtures. The metal hose itself should be grounded. All kinds of strong and weak wires must not be exposed in the ceiling.
How to make waterproof The most standard "waterproof treatment" is generally used in kitchens and bathrooms so that water does not leak downstairs and walls.
The current waterproof materials used by the regular decoration companies are Luban or Huili brand tar polyurethane waterproof coating rubber. The construction method is: firstly smooth the wall or the ground, clean the team, wait until it is dry, put the waterproof coating material in the A material and stir for 3-5 minutes, then paste the tiles and floor tiles.
Please pay attention to the owners, some construction teams are now cutting corners in order to cut corners, replacing asphalt with waterproof materials, most owners do not understand the mystery, asphalt as long as 38 yuan / barrel (8.5 kg load), 4.47 yuan per kg, each kg can be painted 2 square The area, that is, the cost per area of ​​the United States only costs more than 2 yuan for material, and it cannot achieve a good waterproof effect at all.
The waterproof coating is quite different. Compared with Luban waterproof, each group has 330 yuan (16kg/group) and 20.63 yuan per kg. It is used according to the instruction manual. The dosage per square meter is about 2.5kg, that is, 51.58 yuan/sq. Meter, can absolutely achieve the waterproof effect from the performance, but the material cost is 49.34 Yuan more than the asphalt per square meter.
Therefore, the general formal decoration company uses waterproof coating, the purpose is to ensure the quality of the project, on the one hand is responsible for the owners, on the other hand is to protect the consumer's own credibility. Because, generally, the formal decoration company has a one-year warranty promise when signing the renovation contract. If the waterproofing is not done with a hard material, the decoration company will be responsible for the consequences. In order to pursue greater profits, the “guerrillas†cut corners and materials, and used one shot to change places. If owners have problems with maintenance, they may not even find them, but only eat them.
Therefore, to remind the decoration of the consumer room, the selection of the decoration company must be cautious; and carefully identify the asphalt and other waterproof coatings.
Hidden projects must not be ignored
1 When wood keels are used as heating cabinets, ceilings, and solid wood flooring, wood keels must be used. The key is to eliminate inferior timber. In addition, for fire protection needs, wood keel should be brushed 1- 2 times fire-retardant paint. Small decoration companies often cut corners in this area.
2 Waterproof on the ground Be careful to make the floor waterproof. At present, the commonly used waterproof materials are: Polyurethane film; Water does not leak; Plugging spirit to stop water treatment, the water storage experiment should be carried out to see if there is no leakage within 24 hours.
3 Do not close the pipeline. Do not seal the water pipeline in the partition or cabinet only for the sake of beauty. Be sure to set aside an inspection port or run the house full of water. You cannot even open an access hole.
4 The buried wire must be buried in the casing with a wire that cannot be buried directly in the wall but must be sheathed outside the wire. Wires in the bushing must not be twisted or jointed. Otherwise, there is no way to repair and replace the wire after the aging.
Expert Tips:
Don't sign it in the decoration. The general decoration company requires you to sign the acceptance check after you have accepted the concealed project. But you can be careful, this word is not just a sign:
1 Carefully check whether the increased items have been completed, whether the quality is qualified, whether the dimensions are correct, and whether they are exactly the same as the size and quantity on the budget statement.
2 Believe in yourself: As long as any project is finished, we must personally start to calculate the area, this time must not be lazy, you know, even if a room is more than a square meter of wall paint area, it is more than 30 yuan.
3 Never trust the foreman and you to say: “This is what it was originally. You don’t understand it, it's not a quality issue.†Be careful at this time. To ask more experienced friends, traps are often here.
Several types of paint commonly used in home decoration are commonly used in home decoration as the following types:
(1) Low-grade water-soluble coatings: Commonly used are 106 and 803 coatings.
(2) Latex paint: Nippon Paint, which is currently on the market, is divided into high and low grades. High-end silk deli (Nippon Paint), imported ICI (Dulux), imported GPM Master latex paint. This type of paint is characterized by mercerizing, looks like silk, generally brushing twice. The low-end is Mei Shili, Li Shili, etc. This kind of paint can be painted directly without primer. Nippon Paint has strong hiding power, soft and lasting color, easy construction and cleaning. The selection of Nippon Paint can be based on personal preferences, the lighting of the room, and the size of the room.
(3) Colorful spraying: Colorful spraying is dispersed in water in the form of oil-in-water. Once sprayed, it can form a variety of color patterns. The pattern is elegant and generous, with a three-dimensional sense. The paint has good oil resistance and alkali resistance and can be washed.
(4) Paste interior wall coating (imitation ceramic coating): The advantage of imitation ceramic coating is that the surface is delicate, smooth and clean, such as porcelain, and does not remove powder, non-toxic, odorless, good permeability, and low price. However, the temperature resistance and scrub resistance are poor.
Factors to Consider When Purchasing Fixtures
1, choose consumer satisfaction or after-sales service reliable home market.
2, to shop around, for the same style, the same brand of goods, from the quality, price, service and other aspects of comprehensive consideration.
3, modeling modern lighting fixtures are antique, innovative and practical three categories. The chandeliers, wall lamps, ceiling lamps, etc. are all developed in accordance with 18th century palace lamps. These lamps are suitable for larger social occasions. Modern lamps with unique shapes, such as various spotlights and bull-eye lamps, are innovative lamps. Usually daylight, writing desk lamps, floor lamps, bedside lamps, etc. are all traditional lamps. The styling of these three types of lamps should be pursued in a series when overall selection.
4, style according to their own artistic tastes and room conditions to choose lamps. Family with living room can use some stylish lamps in the living room, such as trigeminal chandelier, floral wall lamp, multi-section rotating floor lamp and so on. Households with relatively tight homes should not wear lamps that are too stylish. This will increase the sense of crowding. Rooms with a floor height of less than 2.8 meters should not be equipped with a chandelier. Only ceiling lamps can be installed to make the room look higher.
5, the color of the color lamps to obey the color of the entire room. In order to not destroy the overall color design of the room, we must pay attention to the shade of the lamp, the color of the shell and the color coordination of the wall, furniture and curtains.
6. The name, specification, quantity, price, and amount of the tiles must be specified on the invoice and contract.
7. Understand the names, addresses, contacts, and telephones of the organizers and manufacturers so that quality problems can be solved and resolved in a timely manner.
How to buy a quality Daxin board to see if it is a regular manufacturer of products. To view the manufacturer's trademark, production address, anti-counterfeit signs.
Secondly, see if the formaldehyde emission in the product test report is less than or equal to 1.5 mg per litre. General regular manufacturers have test reports, formaldehyde detection values ​​should be as low as possible.
Third, look at the appearance quality of Daxin board. To see whether the surface of the Daxin board is smooth, whether it is warped or deformed, or whether there is bubbling or depression; the blockboard can be cut open at the site or during construction to observe whether the inner core strip is even and tidy, and the gap is as small as possible; The width of the core must not exceed 2.5 times the thickness, otherwise it will be easily deformed; the core strip should be free of decay, cracks, wormholes, knots, etc.
Whether the arrangement of core strips is even and tidy, and the gap is as small as possible, whether the core strip is rotted, broken, wormhole, knotted, etc. Generally, the inner quality of the large core board with good appearance quality is correspondingly better.
Four to see if there is odor. If the Daxinban emits a scent of fragrant wood, it means that the amount of formaldehyde released is less; if the smell is pungent, it means that the amount of formaldehyde released is more or not to be purchased.
The fifth is to add the phrase “must meet the national standards†on the purchase contract or invoice, and it is best to leave a sample in the construction. Once the project is finished, it is found that due to the quality problems of the big core board, the indoor environment is polluted. This can be used as Judging the basis of responsibility. Because according to the requirements of national standards, from July 1, 2002, large core boards that do not meet the national standards are not allowed to be sold in the market.
Decoration eye, quotation, contract, preservation of evidence can not be less than a sunflower book --- prevention tips before the first: to examine the "genuine army", that decoration company is "certificate complete"
The first step—selecting a qualified decoration company must have a business license and qualification certificate issued by the administrative department for industry and commerce.
The second step --- examine whether there is "contract interior decoration project" in the business license of the decoration company. Also note whether the company has a formal office, whether it can issue qualified tickets, etc. .
The third step - assessment assesses its design and construction level by examining the works done by the decoration company.
Tip two: carefully review the quotation carefully examine the price and amount of each item in the quotation is reasonable.
Tip 3: Each clause of signing a formal written decoration contract contract must be clear and operable, especially regarding the quality of the decoration project, payment terms and acceptance clauses. If part of the decoration content is changed during the renovation process, the relevant contents of the contract should also be changed in written form in a timely manner.
Tip 4: Prevent the accidental selection of formal decoration companies because these decoration companies should provide work-related injury insurance for their employees. In the event of an accident, they can be compensated through insurance.
Tip 5: Preserving the evidence First, we must pay attention to the preservation of evidence, such as contracts, written documents and payment vouchers for both parties to change. Second, we must protect the site, such as the damaged condition after renovation. The evidence can also be retained by means of notarization or evidence preservation. In addition, after the occurrence of quality problems, the decoration technical service agency may be commissioned to inspect. Although the quality certificates and reports issued by these institutions cannot be directly used as evidence in the courtroom, they are powerful evidence.
Decoration disputes are divided into four types of contract disputes that are very tangled. Key Words: Contract Dispute Both parties move back and forth: No formal written contract or verbal agreement only.
Many consumer plans are cheap, instead of looking for formal decoration companies, they are looking for so-called "street guerrillas" to decorate. They don't sign any written contracts before the renovation. They just verbally agree on some decoration items. When there are disputes, it is difficult to say clearly. Whose responsibility is it.
Round two: There is no personal injury prevention during the renovation process.
Some consumers did not choose a formal decoration company, nor did they explicitly agree in the contract. As a result, accidental physical injuries to the decoration workers not only had to bear the medical expenses and nutritional expenses of the wounded, but also delayed their own decoration. Round 3: The decoration unit did not completely fulfill the decoration contract. The performance is as follows: the decoration unit did not go to the decoration according to the stipulations in the contract, use the non-contractual decoration materials, stop the construction for no reason in the construction, or did not complete the work within the stipulated construction period.
Key words: quality disputes, both parties have made a round of tricks and tricks: The decoration process has been over-engineered and construction quality has been poor.
Round two: The decoration destroys the main structure of the house or the load-bearing structure.
Keywords: service disputes, both parties move round one: repair services after renovation are not perfect or do not fulfill quality commitments.
After the renovation was completed, the decoration company should have been repaired in time according to the contract. However, some decoration companies have shied away from the problem, either perfunctory or attached conditions. There is also no repair company warranty during the warranty period.
Round two: noise in construction disturbs people.
Keywords: Economic Dispute, Both Sides Responsible for Round I: Decoration Company raises prices arbitrarily for items that are temporarily added during the renovation process.
Round II: The decoration company did not complete the schedule according to the duration of the project. Consumers refused to pay the interim payment, and the suspension of the decoration company caused a dispute.
Resolving disputes through multiple mediations is the preferred choice Once a decoration dispute arises, the following four methods should be used to resolve the dispute.
Approach 1: The parties negotiate on their own.
Pathway 2: Competent authorities or market mediation.
The organizations that can accept complaints from consumers mainly include the construction administrative department of the decoration company or individual, the building decoration association, and the home market where the stalls are set up. In addition, consumer associations also accept such complaints. Most organizations that receive complaints will adopt mediation methods to resolve disputes. If no agreement is reached or the agreement is not fulfilled, arbitration is filed or the court is sued.
Pathway 3: Arbitration.
If both parties in the contract stipulate an arbitration clause in the contract or sign an arbitration agreement, both parties may apply to the arbitration agency for arbitration.
Route 4: Litigation.
The top five reasons for home improvement supervision are the top reasons. Home improvement owners can request home improvement supervision to help protect the interests and legal rights of home improvement consumers. The benefits of home improvement consumers reflect home decoration is to obtain a reasonable price, meet the quality requirements of decorative materials, in line with the requirements of the industry standards of decoration quality, thoughtful and enthusiastic quality service, and these four aspects are some decoration companies can not do He has to make high profits. He has to spend a lot of advertising expenses. He has to spend a lot of money to support the team to support the construction workers. Therefore, the renovation price is high, the quality of the decoration materials cannot be guaranteed, and the construction work cannot be improved. To correct these problems, we must rely on professional decoration supervision to help owners check, help owners limit the price, agreed on decorative materials, test material quality supervision of construction quality.
The second major reason is that home improvement owners do not understand decoration professionals, and they should ask for decoration supervision. Many of the home improvement owners complaining about consumer complaints have mostly little knowledge of home improvement, and some do not even understand the basic knowledge of home improvement. This is more likely to be used by those decorative companies who are blinded by their interests. Some homeowners tend to swindle those who don't understand home improvement and don't understand the decoration and professional customers. It is also difficult for those who really understand how to decorate. Therefore, please cooperate with those who do not understand the decoration of the best user in advance, please decorate the supervision. Of the 4,000 people entrusted with the supervision, 60% did not go for supervision because they did not understand the decoration.
For the third reason, home improvement owners are too busy to take care of the decoration and should also ask for decoration supervision. Quite a few complaints from owners are due to the fact that the employees are busy with work or have a long business trip. They are resident in the field and they have no time to attend to a series of quality disputes concerning the decoration in their homes. For example, concealment works, ceiling construction, strong surface coatings, fine woodwork It is easy to make mistakes. If you do not have two or three idlers "supervising workers" and do not have the ability to check the construction quality, the Consumers Association advises these owners to ask the decoration supervisors to serve as "supervision workers" for you and become the "protector" of your home improvement. The person in charge of supervision will not affect normal work and will not affect the business trip or traveling. The main benefit of supervision is to reduce consumer risk and reduce disputes in home improvement.
The fourth-largest reason, home improvement owners want to worry, easy and easy home renovation, decoration supervision should also be invited. Many home improvement owners report that their homes are not idlers, and they are not a little knowledgeable in decoration. They feel that home improvement is too tiring, too worrying, too costly and too laborious. Therefore, they went for decoration supervision to help, and they refused to accept supervision of millions of home companies. According to statistics from the Center, of the more than 4,000 home improvement owners, one-third of the owners do not want to worry about the need to go to the supervision. How can decoration supervision help users save time and trouble? Mr. Xu Guozhong, president of Million Homeland Management Co., Ltd., said that the supervision company helped the owner to review the decoration company to prevent irregular enterprises and illegal guerrillas from intervening in the decoration. The supervision company helped the owner to review the design proposal and decoration quotation to prevent overestimation of the counterfeit and missing issues. The supervision company helps the owner to agree on the brand, grade, specification, origin, purchase scope, and quality of the inspection materials for the decoration materials, and help the owner to check the quality of the project in stages. Therefore, the owner can easily engage in decoration.
The fifth-largest reason, home improvement owners want to save money, they should ask for decoration supervision. Some landowners plan to save money and do not look for supervision. Instead, they look for illegal guerrillas on the roadside. As a result, the decoration quality is not qualified, and even criminal cases such as theft and being hit are found. The Consumers Association advised the owners who want to save money to decorate. The best measure is to ask the supervisor. Why does it cost money to ask the supervisor to save money? Mr. Xie Hengzeng, director of Million Homeland Supervision Company, said: This kind of money saving is based on breadth. Specifically, the supervisor helps the user to sign a formal, reasonable and standard decoration contract to prevent the home improvement company from defrauding the owner and preventing the owner from spending money. It is a way to save money; the supervisor helps the owner to review the renovation plan and quotation, to prevent overestimation of the counterfeiting and unlimited random additions, so that the user pays a reasonable renovation price, which is also a kind of saving money; the supervision company helps the owner to test the decoration Materials, to prevent counterfeit materials from entering the construction site, allowing users to renovate the real value for money, spend the same amount of money without fake materials, and use real materials. The use of genuine talent is, of course, a cost-saving measure. In addition, the supervision company helps the owner to check the quality of the decoration, so that the owner can complete the renovation once and successfully, reducing disputes, reducing incidents, and reducing the owner’s expenses. This is more economical. which performed.
Renovation, pollution, and pollution problems in recent years, after a few years of exposing and speculating, are already a hot topic. Of course, the author can not but mix this topic.
The pollution problem of home improvement mainly focuses on three aspects: formaldehyde, helium, and TDI. Before talking about these topics, first of all, of course, we must first understand what these words mean.
First, formaldehyde talks about formaldehyde. We have to know what exactly is formaldehyde. Formaldehyde, molecular formula HCOH, is a colorless, irritating gas. Specific gravity 0.815 (-20 °C), melting point -92 °C, boiling point -19.5 °C, burning point of about 300 °C; soluble in water and ethanol, strong reduction in alkaline solution. Its 40% aqueous solution of formaldehyde is called "formalin." The boiling point of this solution is 19 degrees, so it is very volatile at room temperature, even more heat.
Formaldehyde is an important organic chemical raw material, widely used in resin synthesis, engineering plastics polyoxymethylene, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, dyes and other industries, mainly used as a disinfectant, but also for the adhesive is urotropine, phenolic resin, urea formaldehyde resin , Synthetic resin, synthetic fiber, engineering plastic polyoxymethylene, trimethylol propane and other raw materials.
The national safety standards for formaldehyde are as follows:
1. The maximum allowable concentration of air is 0.08mg/m for human health.
2. The content of formaldehyde in solid wood composite flooring is: formaldehyde emission of Class A solid wood composite floor is less than or equal to 9 mg/100 g (9mg/100g); formaldehyde emission of Class B solid wood flooring is greater than 9 mg - 40 mg/100 g (9mg-40mg/100g)
3. The formaldehyde emission in the artificial board should be less than 0.20 mg/m3 (0.20 mg/m3);
4. The formaldehyde emission in the wooden floor should be less than 0.12 mg/m3 (0.12 mg/m3).
The main hazards of formaldehyde:
When the indoor content is 01 mg/m3, there is odor and discomfort; 0.5 mg/m3 can irritate the eyes and cause tearing; 0.6 mg/m3 can cause throat discomfort or pain; high concentrations can cause nausea Vomiting, coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, and even pulmonary edema. Long-term exposure to low-dose formaldehyde can cause respiratory diseases and even nasopharyngeal cancer.
Two, er, is definitely a new term. If not everyone is hyping it, this word may only be used by physics/chemists. So we have to understand what it is.
æ°¡ is actually the 86th element of the periodic table of elements, is located in the sixth cycle of the zero family, the element name Rn. Inert gas. In nature, there are three isotopes 222Rn, 220Rn and 219Rn, commonly referred to as 222Rn. 222Rn is an intermediate product in the decay series of natural radioactive elements, with a half-life of 3.825 days. The parent element of thorium is uranium, and the uranium decays. Produce defects.
Here, we can understand at least two things:
1. Earthworms are natural substances.
2. Earthworms are radioactive.
The main hazards of cockroaches:
Earthworms are almost omnipresent, including soil, water, stone, other construction and decorative materials that may contain more or less defects.æ°¡ colorless and odorless, super-scalar radioactivity will increase the incidence of lung cancer, TDI
TDI (toluene diisocyanate/toluene diisocyanate). Toluene diisocyanate is one of the commonly used polyisocyanates, and the polyisocyanate is a polyurethane (PU) material and an important base material. The most commonly used TDI in the polyurethane industry is a mixture of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-TDI isomers with a mass ratio of 80.20, and is mainly used for the production of flexible polyurethane foams and polyurethane elastomers, coatings, adhesives, and the like.
The main hazards of TDI:
TDI is mainly present in the paint project during the renovation. Excessive TDI beyond the standard will cause harm to the human body. The harm of free TDI on human body is mainly sensitization and stimulatory effects, including symptoms such as causing painful tearing, conjunctival hyperemia, coughing chest tightness, shortness of breath asthma, red papules, rash, contact atopic dermatitis and other symptoms. The international limit for free TDI is controlled below 0.5%.
Decoration pollution summary:
By understanding the concept, the problem is clear.
I. About formaldehyde:
Formaldehyde is a basic chemical material. It is inevitable that the materials contained in the materials contain formaldehyde. The question is what its content is. For this aspect, the country has already had a safety standard for related products. Therefore, to buy some quality products in large shopping centers that have a good reputation, do not try to make themselves suffer.
Second, we have learned that we are almost omnipresent, but we really need to achieve a certain dose of threat to the human body, and there is no need to talk about it. We know that the sun is the largest emitter in the world. The radioactivity of helium is far less than that of the sun. Can we live independently of the sun? People are creatures. Any living being has the limit of life. Some people think that flood control can achieve the result of longevity. It can only be deceiving oneself. We can reduce the harm of earthworms, but we can never isolate ourselves from them.
Third, on TDI
Like formaldehyde, TDI is also a basic chemical material. Its existence is also normal. Buy some
A product with a low TDI content is the only way, but if you want to avoid it completely, then unless you go back to the original forest (the original forest may have problems with the natural state).
The magic of dealing with the decoration of the highest two kinds of pollution:
1, purchase the goods.
2. During the decoration process and within one month after renovation, try to maintain indoor ventilation and minimize the amount of harmful substances in the room.
There are some people who, based on the purpose of making profits, out of context to exaggerate the seriousness of pollution problems, will ultimately be futile.
Checkpoint summary Summary of the acceptance of new houses: After getting the house, many people do not know how to accept, and some people think that the quality inspection station has been accepted, and the owner's re-acceptance has been suspected of excessive action. In fact, in many cases, you do not accept the test, you have to be under the house. Just find the problem before signing, you will be more convenient to pursue the developer's responsibility.
As a layman, how to check the house? Of course, the items listed here are effective for acceptance of any type of house, including acceptance of commercial offices:
1. When you look at the wall, you don’t know when it started. Looking at the wall turned out to be the primary issue for housing acceptance. In fact, even houses built in the 1980s are not as fragile as current houses. I have seen the most serious house. The window has found water seepage on a rainy day. When I asked it, I realized that all the walls under the windows of the entire building had water seepage. When the typhoon approached, it was even more alarming. What was even more astonishing was that this building was built by the Land and Resources Bureau of a district and it was terrible. Therefore, the acceptance of this, it is best to visit the house on the second day of heavy rain before the house is turned over. If there is a problem with the wall at this time, it is almost insignificant.
In addition to the seepage of water in the walls, there is a problem that the wall is cracked. A friend once reflected that his family had a crack in a door shape. Later, he asked the developer to know that it was originally an elevator freight port left behind during construction. Later, when it was sealed up, it was handled in a sloppy manner to stay in trouble.
2. The first test of hydropower is to check whether the hydropower of the house is open. Of course, for some high-end renovations, most of the hydropower will be replaced in the later period, so sometimes these are not critical, but if you do not plan to replace water and electricity, then these things must be carefully accepted.
Check the wire, in addition to see if there is electricity, the main thing is to see if the wire meets the quality of the national standard. Then the cross-sectional area of ​​the wire meets the requirements. In general, the wires in the home should not be less than 2.5 square meters, and the air-conditioning line should reach 4 squares. Otherwise, when the air conditioner is used, it is easy to overheat and soften. Of course, this is an ideal configuration, and most civil cables will be one grade worse.
3, waterproof waterproof said here, refers to the kitchen and toilet waterproof. Of course, some of the houses that are currently delivered have already declared that they have not done waterproofing. This requires renovation. If waterproofing is already done at the time of delivery, we have to verify whether the waterproofing is done well. If you don't try it before the renovation, then if you find something leaking when you finish it, then the maintenance project will be big. You have to remove the floor that has been renovated to make a new waterproof layer. The method of acceptance of waterproofing is: using cement mortar as a door to block the toilet, and then cover it with a plastic bag, then put it in a solid state, and then put the water in the toilet, shallow (about 2cm high) ). Afterwards, the owners who are downstairs are expected to check the ceiling of their home toilet after 24 hours. The main locations for water leakage are: direct leakage of the floor slab; contact between the pipeline and the floor.
4. The pipeline referred to here is the drainage/pollution pipeline. Utah is a sewage outlet such as a balcony. When it is accepted, take a water-filled appliance in advance and pour water into the outlet. See if the water is flowing smoothly. Why do you have to accept this? Because during construction, some workers often “stolen†this work when cleaning. Put some cement residue into the drain and run away. If the cement is more viscous, it will clog at the elbow and cause drainage difficulties.
There is another situation, but it is not related to acceptance. That is to look at whether the sewage pipe has water storage deodorant elbow. According to experience, if the sewage pipe does not contain water and deodorant elbow, then the overall quality of the house will have to hit 12 points. Why do the sewage pipes need such elbows, because the elbows will store water so that the smell from the lower pipes will be blocked under this layer. Without an elbow, the laundry outlets and toilet drains emit a odor. There may be developers who think that the use of anti-odor floor drains will work. The practice of the project has proved that the deodorant floor drain is far from meeting actual needs. And because of this small place, it is often best to reflect the construction quality of the builders.
5, to test the level of its experimental income, for the general user is a certain degree of difficulty. Ground leveling is the measurement of the horizontal error between the floor and the ground in the doorway that is furthest away from the entrance. Examine this, many times can also reflect the developer's construction quality.
Because as the owner, it is impossible to accept the main structure. Then we can only look at the quality from these details. The method of measurement If you do not bother, then the method is quite simple.
Go to the hardware store to buy a small transparent water pipe, about 20 meters in length, and then fill it with water. First draw a sign 0.5 meters or 1 meter off the ground at the door. Then adjust the level of the water pipe to the height of this sign and find someone to fix it in this position. Then move the other end of the hose to the room furthest from the door. Then look at the height of the water pipe at the place, and then make another sign. Then use a ruler to measure how high this mark is off the ground. The difference in these two levels is the difference in the level of the house. You can also use this method to analogically measure the level difference in the entire house.
In general, if the difference is about 2 cm is normal, 3 cm is in an acceptable category. If you go out of this range, you have to pay attention. I have seen the worst level difference reach 7cm. After the measurement, I thought I was measuring wrong. The above work is a bit cumbersome. If you have a friend who owns a laser-sweeping instrument, this problem will be solved much more.
6, check the height if your contract has this one clause. Then you should measure the height of the building. The method is very simple, measuring the feet along the inside of the two corners of the wall (this is the most convenient way to place long feet without bending), you should measure the indoor multiple places. In general, about 2.65 meters is the accepted range. If the house is less than 2.6 meters, the house has to be considered. This kind of house will make you have to live in a depressing environment in the future. Doing short heights is a very effective cost-saving method for developers. 1) Reduce the total weight, so that the cost of the basic part can be saved. 2) Although it was only reduced by about 10 centimeters, overall, the cost savings are also many, and Utah is still developing a residential area for development. 3) At a certain height, lowering the floor height can create more layers.
7, inspection doors and windows here is still dominated by the acceptance window. The key point of acceptance is the sealing of the acceptance window and the balcony door. The most troublesome aspect of the window's sealability acceptance is that it can only be tried and tested in heavy rain. However, it can generally be confirmed by checking whether the sealant tape is intact and firm. The balcony door generally depends on the level difference between the interior and exterior of the balcony door. I have seen a situation where the level of the balcony is the same as the level of the interior, so that it is difficult to avoid the problem of rain infiltration in heavy rain.
8. Other Projects In fact, in addition to the above-mentioned projects, other inspections require more professional knowledge. You may wish to bring a friend who is familiar with the project to check the house. This is the only possible thing. In addition, you can only rely on the quality of the quality inspection part.
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