The harm caused by indoor air pollution to the human body can not be ignored. In recent years, continuous publicity by the environmental testing department, the mass media continuously reported this, and the four kinds of harmful substances such as formaldehyde, benzene, hydrazine, and ammonia were mentioned most, then, these harmful What harm does material bring to people? What are the sources of various harmful gases? How to prevent it? In response to these questions raised by readers, we consulted relevant professionals this week.
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Killer 1
Formaldehyde in the board
Indoor formaldehyde pollution comes from adhesives used in various wood-based panels, some chemical fiber carpets, paints, coatings, cosmetics, detergents, insecticides, disinfectants, preservatives, printing inks, paper, textile fibers, and many others. Chemical Products. Especially in the closets with built-in panels, kitchens, and newly-purchased furniture, excessive formaldehyde is more serious. This is because a large amount of resin-based adhesives are used in the processing of artificial boards. Formaldehyde is released at every stage where adhesives are used in large amounts, and formaldehyde is released from urea-formaldehyde resins, phenolic resins, and melamine-formaldehyde resins. In a continuous process, the amount of emissions varies with the seasons and climate, so it will affect the indoor environment in the long term.
Prevention tricks: The prevention and control of formaldehyde pollution should be carried out in two aspects. On the one hand, attention should be paid to the formaldehyde pollution caused by the decoration: In the design, reasonable matching of decorative materials, fully taking into account the carrying capacity and ventilation of the indoor space; At the same time, it should be coated with paint to make it fully solidified to prevent the release of formaldehyde from the board. In the selection of interior decoration materials, qualified interior decoration materials must be selected in strict accordance with national standards. At present, the State has established ten kinds of indoor "Manufacturing and decorating materials harmful substances limited" mandatory standards, the choice of non-formaldehyde adhesive, Daxin Ban, plywood and so on.
On the other hand, attention should be paid to formaldehyde pollution caused by furniture: Pay attention to the use of furniture, the best choice for the use of wood materials sealed higher furniture; newly purchased furniture do not rush into the room, it is best to let the harmful gases in the furniture release as soon as possible Use it for a period of time; when using a wardrobe made of artificial wood, try not to put underwear, pajamas, and children's clothing inside. The quilts, blankets and autumn and winter clothing in the closet in the summer will absorb a lot of formaldehyde, and must be fully aired, sunned or rinsed when used.
Killer 2
Coatings, Benzene in Adhesives
According to environmental experts, benzene contamination in the indoor environment comes mainly from solvents or thinners containing benzene-based adhesives, paints, coatings, and waterproof materials. Its harm manifests in four aspects:
First, long-term inhalation of benzene may result in leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. In severe cases, bone marrow hematopoietic function disorders may occur, leading to aplastic anemia.
Second, the long-term inhalation of benzene by women of childbearing age can cause menstrual abnormalities, mainly manifested by menorrhagia or disorders. When pregnant women are exposed to toluene, xylene and benzene mixtures, the incidence of pregnancy complications such as pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, pregnancy vomiting, and anaemia in pregnancy is significantly higher and may even lead to miscarriage.
Third, women who inhale large amounts of toluene during pregnancy have more defects such as microcephaly, central nervous system dysfunction, and growth retardation. Toluene can also enter the fetus through the placenta, resulting in birth weight loss, ossification delay and so on.
Fourth, benzene is often exposed. The skin may become dry and desquamation due to defatting, and some may develop allergic eczema. Laryngeal edema, bronchitis, and platelet decline are also related to excessive benzene contamination.
Prevention tricks: In the interior decoration must meet the national standards of paint, coatings, adhesives and waterproof materials. Selecting some water-based wood coatings is the fundamental way to prevent and reduce benzene contamination in home interior decoration. In addition, be careful not to seal the bottom of the wall with paint. This is a process that seriously pollutes the indoor environment and can cause long-term benzene contamination problems. Because under normal circumstances, benzene is volatilized relatively quickly, do not immediately stay in the decorated room. The house should be kept in a well-ventilated environment, and stay in benzene and organic compounds for a period of time before leaving.
Killer 3
Different levels of ammonia pollution in different rooms
With regard to the hazards of ammonia pollution, experts from the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Analysis said that due to the high solubility of ammonia gas, it is often adsorbed on the skin, mucous membranes and conjunctiva of the eye, resulting in irritation and inflammation. Ammonia can paralyze respiratory cilia and damage mucosal epithelium, making it easy for pathogenic microorganisms to invade and weaken the body's resistance to disease. Ammonia is easily inhaled into the lungs through the alveoli into the bloodstream and binds to hemoglobin, disrupting oxygen transport. Inhalation of large quantities of ammonia in the short term can lead to tearing, sore throat, hoarseness, cough, sputum with bloodshot eyes, chest tightness, and difficulty in breathing. It can be accompanied by dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and fatigue. In severe cases, pulmonary edema can occur. Adult respiratory distress syndrome may also present with respiratory irritation.
Prevention tricks: Director of the China Indoor Decoration Association Indoor Environment Monitoring Center Song Guangsheng said that since ammonia is released from the wall, the area of ​​the indoor main wall will affect the indoor ammonia content, so different structures of the room, indoor air The degree of ammonia pollution is also different. The occupants should first understand the situation of ammonia pollution in different rooms. Then, use the function according to the room pollution. If the rooms are heavily polluted, they should not be used as bedrooms. Try not to allow children, patients and the elderly to live. When conditions permit, you can open more windows for ventilation to minimize the level of indoor air pollution. In addition, an air fresh air blower or air purifier that removes ammonia contamination can be installed to remove or reduce ammonia gas pollution. In conjunction with the decoration, the ammonia absorption in the indoor environment can also reduce the ammonia pollution in the indoor environment.
Killer 4
Hidden in natural stone
When you talk about belching, many people think that indoor helium pollution is basically negligible. In fact, helium, a colorless and odorless radioactive gas, has been recognized by experts at home and abroad as the second leading cause of lung cancer after smoking, and the World Health Organization has included it in the 19 major substances that cause cancer. one. Researchers at the University of Santiago de Compostela in the United States tested radon levels in the homes of 163 patients diagnosed with lung cancer and compared them with 241 healthy people. The results of the study show that if people’s radon levels in their homes are 10 to 14 Bq/m3, 15 to 39 Bq/m3, and more than 40 Bq/m3, the risk of lung cancer in residents increases by 2.73 times. 2.48 times and 2.96 times. In the basement, villas, office buildings with strong sealing, and houses using ash bricks, the concentration of indoor radon is easily high.
Prevention tricks: Environmental experts recommend that in the prevention and control of indoor radon, the public should start from the aspects of site selection, material selection, design, ventilation, and sealing. First, when building a house or selecting a site, it should be avoided in rock and soil. Areas with high uranium and radium radioactivity levels; before buying a house, they can ask the relevant agencies to do radon tests to control and prevent them from the source. Second, during the renovation, the gap between the ground and the wall should be closed as much as possible to reduce the amount of outgassing of the helium gas. Third, frequent indoor ventilation. Fourth, in the interior decoration, to minimize the stone, tiles and other materials that are prone to radiation and helium. Fifth, if the house that has been checked in is considered to be out of potential, it can be commissioned by a professional department to conduct inspections. Experts are requested to propose a reasonable treatment plan.
Indoor odor pollution prevention method
1. Prevent the purchase of contaminated indoor products, especially children's products, toys and plastic products.
2, in the summer to kill mosquitoes or use indoor air fresheners must pay attention to indoor ventilation, conditions should leave the room.
3. Regularly clean up and unclog the sewers, ventilation ducts and exhaust ducts of toilets and kitchens.
4, keep pets and indoor flowers and plants should pay attention to frequent cleaning, conservation, to prevent indoor environmental pollution.
5. It is forbidden to smoke indoors.
6, household appliances such as air conditioners, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. can easily become a corner of pollution, pay attention to frequent cleaning.
7, frequent indoor ventilation, conditions should be as much as possible ventilation to ensure indoor air fresh.
8. Products that cause odor pollution should be promptly taken measures. It is necessary to carry out indoor environmental pollution or odor detection and return the product.
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