Academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Gan Yong, gave a special report entitled "Modern Steel Process and Ecological Steel Products in Low Carbon Economy" at the "2014 Steel Industry Technology Innovation Conference and Technology Leaders Meeting", in which the technical development of steel ecological products was carried out. The forecast is now organized as follows to readers.
A new generation of high strength and toughness steel
High-strength and tough steel is the key material needed to achieve lightweight vehicles, high-speed railways and heavy loads. Internationally, through the high-strength and toughness of automotive steel, the fuel economy of the automobile will be doubled by 2025. China's mass-produced automotive steel has a strength of 1000 MPa and an elongation of 18%. There is also a large gap in the materials developed by the laboratory.
Through technological innovations in material composition design, smelting, continuous casting, rolling, heat treatment and subsequent forming, fine control of fine crystal, precipitation, phase transformation and other processes are adopted to develop high-performance steel products, and high-strength and tough steel for automobiles It can reach 30-40GPa%, with the application technology to reduce the weight of the body by more than 20%; the life of high-speed heavy-duty railway steel is increased by more than 50%.
A new generation of functional composite steel for construction
Efficient, safe and environmentally compatible construction steel is an important material for the construction of national key projects. Internationally, it is developing in the direction of large-scale, high-strength, low-yield ratio, fire-resistant, shock-resistant, weather-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and easy-to-weld. China's construction steel production and application technology is backward, the highest grade steel is only Q460, and other properties have not been comprehensively considered.
Through component optimization design and organization control, the yield strength is 500-1000MPa, the yield ratio is lower than 0.85, the yield strength of 600°C is higher than 2/3 of the room temperature index, and the elastic modulus is higher than 75% of the room temperature index. A new generation of functional composite steel for energy welding and a significant increase in service life.
Intelligent earthquake-resistant fire-resistant steel for high-rise buildings
Molybdenum: Ti/Nb/V for Mo, which is effective for molybdenum reduction, seismic and fire resistance. The traditional fire-resistant steel contains molybdenum in the range of 0.4%-0.9%, while the new fire-resistant steel contains molybdenum ≤0.2%.
Intelligent: Ti, Nb, and V are solid solution at normal temperature, and the strengthening effect is small, and precipitation occurs under high temperature conditions, thereby increasing the high temperature strength of the steel.
Production technology of pipeline steel for super large oil and gas transmission
The total amount of self-produced and imported natural gas resources in the northwest and northeast of China is more than 200 billion m3/a, which is urgently needed to be transported to the interior. Restricted by geographical conditions and construction costs, it is urgent to develop pipeline technology with a large output of more than 45 billion m3/a. The use of ultra-high steel grade and super-large diameter pipelines to increase the transmission volume is the main direction of the development of the international super-large pipelines. It is necessary to develop X90/X100 and extra-thick X80 pipeline steel.
At present, the fracture toughness evaluation and control problems of X90/X100 and extra-thick X80 have not been completely solved at home and abroad. Strive to achieve the production and application of X80/X100 and above thickness gauge X80 pipeline steel in 2020 to ensure natural gas transportation in Xinjiang, Central Asia and Russia.
High quality wide and thick plates and large castings and forgings
International high-quality wide and thick plates and large castings and forgings are developing in the direction of high strength, high toughness, high uniformity, high temperature resistance, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance, radiation resistance and easy welding. At present, the high-end thick plates used under special requirements in China still need to be imported. The quality, stability, qualification rate, material utilization rate and uniformity of organizational composition of large castings and forgings are greatly different from those of developed countries.
Through the technological innovations such as solidification, deformation, heat treatment, etc., the high-quality, high-performance wide and thick plates and large-scale castings and forgings are cleanly manufactured, shortening the hot processing cycle by 20%, reducing the manufacturing cost by 10%, and improving the finished product rate. %.
Reduced, high efficiency steel rolling and heat treatment technology
Steel rolling is the most important way to shape materials in the steel industry. International rolling technology is developing in the direction of high efficiency and reduction. Developed countries have developed direct rolling, super-controlled rolling (Super-CR), steel plate online heat treatment, high silicon steel low temperature rolling and other technologies, and applied to production. The corresponding domestic technology is still in the laboratory or pilot stage.
Through technical research and equipment development such as heating, rolling, cooling, heat treatment, the short process, high efficiency, low consumption and stabilization of the steel production process are realized. On the existing basis, the performance pass rate or finished product rate of rolled steel is increased by 10%, the production efficiency of high-quality steel is increased by 15%-30%, the reduction of steel is more than 10%, and the comprehensive energy consumption of the process is reduced by 15%-40%.
Metal composite material full rolling processing technology
Metal composites are important for improving material utilization efficiency. Foreign countries are developing in the direction of high strength, high corrosion resistance, light weight, high efficiency and low cost. China also concentrates on traditional composite methods such as machinery, explosion, explosion + rolling, with low production efficiency, few varieties and poor quality. The strength of titanium-steel composite interface is only about 190 MPa.
Through the development of layered and coaxial composite materials such as steel-heterometallic (or inorganic non-metallic materials), the key technologies of all-rolling composite process, interface strength and product application are solved, and the interface strength is improved by more than 25%. Performance meets or exceeds foreign premium brands and achieves mass production.
Performance limit technology for steel materials
Performance limit exploration is a major frontier requirement for fully tapping the potential of steel materials and upgrading steel products. The research on the performance limit of strength, toughness, temperature resistance and corrosion resistance of steel materials has become an international hot spot, and China is also actively exploring.
Study on the bulk transformation mechanism of ultra-low carbon steel (C≤0.02%), the microstructure evolution of ultra-high carbon steel (C≥1.5%), low density steel (Ï≤7.0g/cm3) and low corrosion resistant steel The scientific problems such as the principle of cost alloying form the prototype steel technology such as the ultimate high-toughness high-strength steel, easy-to-process high-strength steel, low-density high-strength steel and corrosion-resistant high-strength steel.
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