From an engineering point of view, plastic is a more excellent material: lighter weight, does not block wireless signals, is easy to manufacture, and is cheap. But now, more and more companies are boldly using metal materials, such as HTC's flagship model, as well as domestic vivo has also tried to introduce a metal body model.
Before the plastic party and the metal party began to argue in confusion, let's take a look at Anand Tech's analysis of these three materials.
plastic
The most common plastic on mobile phones today is polycarbonate. Samsung's GalaxyS and Note series, as well as Nokia's Lumia series, use this material to make the case. The Lumia shell feels good and even changes the impression of some people on plastic materials. The biggest advantage of polycarbonate is that it does not weaken the radio signal of the mobile phone. For details, please refer to the research report from the University of North Texas.
Despite the advantages of not blocking the cell phone signal and being cheap, plastic has obvious drawbacks, and it is not an excellent thermal conductor. In other words, if you use a plastic phone/tablet, the frequency of its processor and graphics processor will actually be lower than that of a metal body phone/tablet. In this table, the thermal conductivity of the different materials is indicated. (The thermal conductivity is defined as the heat per unit section and length of material that is directly conducted under unit temperature difference and unit time.) The thermal conductivity of aluminum is 205 W/mK, the magnesium is 156 W/mk, and the glass is 0.8 W/m*. k, the polycarbonate is 0.22 W/m*k.
Polycarbonate is excellent in impact resistance, but its flexibility has become a problem in today's smarter and thinner smartphones. Now, even the back of the phone, the radio components are now embedded, and then when the backshell becomes bent, they are pulled aside and there is no way to go back. As a result, the mobile phone is prone to signal problems. For example, on the xda forum, users complained that after the OneX was pressed, they could not receive Wi-Fi and Bluetooth signals. The solution was to reinforce the backshell structure of the OneX to avoid bending.
metal
At present, the main metal used on mobile phone tablets is aluminum, which is also the material to be discussed in this article. The advantage of aluminum is that it has a high hardness and is structurally capable of protecting components inside the phone. Compared with cars, mobile phones do not have a so-called impact buffer, and all of them are the outer layer of protection. Therefore, the outer casing should be strong enough to prevent the internal contents from being crushed.
However, Anand Tech said that all-metal body phones are easier to receive signals. This conclusion was derived from the comparison of the iPhone4 and iPhone3GS mobile phone signals. His conclusion is that the external antenna of the metal will be more responsive to the internal antenna and will perform better. Even today, this conclusion can be drawn from the comparison between OneM8 and GalaxyS5.
Thanks to the high hardness, the surface of the metal body of the mobile phone is often more difficult to scratch, although the metal surface is now anodized, the scratched area will reveal the metal below the surface. High thermal conductivity is another advantage of metal, which allows the processor to fully perform. The difference in scores between the Galaxy S5 and the HTC One M8 in T-Rex is a good indication.
Metal materials have various advantages, but the shortcomings are inevitable. If you use it to make a mobile phone case, then it is impossible to use an internal antenna for the mobile phone. It is necessary to use plastic or glass to make a window in the outer casing to allow radio signals to pass. This means that the signal strength received by the phone in all directions is not uniform. And as the metal is exposed to the outside, when the human hand occasionally touches it, it will cause the signal strength to decrease.
The high hardness of the metal provides better protection for internal components. However, when it falls, it is also more likely to produce traumatic traces. Because of the cost of processing, metal fuselage also often means that the final product will be more expensive. In addition, the higher thermal conductivity often means that the metal phone is easy to become hot/cold, and the grip of the plastic phone is more comfortable.
From a material point of view, magnesium is actually a better material than aluminum. It has a lower density than aluminum, lighter unit mass, higher thermal conductivity, high hardness, scratch resistance and better signal throughput. However, at present, the use of magnesium in the outer casing of the equipment is still unrealistic, because magnesium is highly susceptible to oxidation reactions, and if the surface is not treated, the magnesium will soon be rusted.
glass
Glass is the third largest material for mobile devices other than plastics and metals. Among the three materials, the hardness and impact resistance of the glass are the best, but at the same time it is the most fragile, fragile and easily damaged, because the elasticity of the glass is very limited. Aluminosilicate glass is now more common than Gorilla glass.
The thermal conductivity of glass is between metal and plastic, but it is only slightly higher than plastic. The effect on wireless signals is not obvious. In other words, glass is used as the outer casing, and the mobile phone can have an internal antenna. Of course, the biggest weakness of glass is fragile, and it is not easy to change the shape, so when we see that the phone uses glass as the outer casing material, it is usually just a plane.
However, today's mobile phones often use a variety of materials to make the outer casing. For example, if the thermal conductivity of plastic is not good, then the middle frame made of magnesium can be used to conduct heat to the screen or other parts as quickly as possible. Mixing a variety of materials to create a shell can compensate for the weaknesses between each other. For example, adding ABS engineering plastic to polycarbonate can significantly increase its hardness. The anti-scatter coating, when the glass is broken, does not become debris and falls around. And the new wireless signal receiving technology makes the all-metal body phone possible.
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