How is the big plane made? Explore the Airbus A350 aircraft factory (multiple map)

How is Airbus' latest generation of wide-body aircraft A350 aircraft manufactured, transported and assembled? Recently, the First Financial Journal reporter came to Airbus's manufacturing plants in Toulouse, France, and Hamburg, Germany, to learn about the whole process of aircraft manufacturing.
A big difference from Boeing's aircraft manufacturing is that Airbus has factories in France, Germany, Britain and Spain. Each factory only produces a part of the aircraft, such as the nose and middle fuselage of the A350. It is assembled in Saint-Nazaire, France. The front and rear fuselage sections and the vertical tail are assembled in Hamburg, Germany. The wings are made in Broughton, England, and assembled in Bremen, Germany. The horizontal tail is in Getafe/Ireskas, Spain. The engine pylons and nacelles are in Toulouse, France, and these large parts are then shipped to the A350 assembly line in Toulouse for final assembly.
The picture below is the transporter responsible for transporting large parts. The sprouting fuselage is called the Airbus White Whale (BELUGA). The Airbus A350 assembly line in Toulouse, France, is located near the A330 assembly line. The assembly work starts at the 50th position. At the same time as the front, middle and rear fuselage sections, some internal installation work is also carried out simultaneously. . The nose landing gear of the aircraft is also installed at this station. Then enter the 40th position, the wing and the fuselage are docked here, while the horizontal and vertical tail, tail cone, main landing gear and engine hanger are installed. The cabin installation of the first phase is also carried out here. At this station, the aircraft will be powered for the first time and functional testing will begin before the wing and fuselage are docked. Subsequently, the aircraft was moved to the vicinity of the A330 assembly line for outdoor testing at the 18th station (including cabin boost, communication system, fuel pump calibration and testing, passenger and cargo doors).
The next step is to paint the aircraft. In Toulouse, there are four wide-body aircraft (A330/A350XWB/A380) paint hangars. Three of them are in the Clément Ader campus and the other in the Jean-Luc Lagardère campus. The sprayed paint is fully compliant with relevant environmental regulations and uses low urethane paint and low volatile organic compound (VOC) solvents. Spraying with a spray gun with an electrostatic spray system, it can make the spray more uniform, reduce the amount of paint, and correspondingly reduce the weight of the aircraft. The final step is completed at the 20th station and will be finalized for cabin facilities (airborne entertainment systems, carpets, safety equipment, etc.), cockpit and engine.
Then, the plane will make its first flight, after all the tests are completed and the evidence is obtained, will the plane be in Henry in Toulouse? The Ziegler Delivery Center delivers to customers. As of the end of August this year, Airbus has received 810 A350 confirmed orders from 43 customers worldwide. Thirty-six A350XWB aircraft have been delivered to eight customers (Qatar Airways, Vietnam Airlines, Finnair, Latham Airlines, Singapore Airlines, Ethiopian Airlines, Cathay Pacific Airways and Thai Airways International). The Airbus staff told reporters that the time required for an Airbus A350 aircraft to be delivered from the beginning to the delivery of the customer is about 2.5 months, which is 30% less than other projects. Airbus’ production goal is to In 2018, 10 A350 passenger planes can be installed each month.
There are not many workers seen at the factory. They usually work two shifts a day. Each worker is basically at a fixed position, and the aircraft moves at different stations according to different steps of installation. The factory often Put some relaxing music. As the latest generation of Airbus aircraft, composites, titanium and a new generation of aluminum alloys are widely used in the A350, with composite materials reaching the highest 53% in the industry.
The wide use of composite materials is effective in reducing aircraft weight and significantly reducing the need for body fatigue and corrosion related inspections, which reduces the body fatigue and corrosion maintenance of the A350 by 60%. In fact, Airbus has used lighter weight composites since its first aircraft. For the vertical tail alone, Airbus has used composite materials to make vertical tails since the early 1980s.
At the German Stade plant in the vertical tail of Airbus, the manufacture of the skin on the A350 wing is carried out here. This part is also the largest single carbon fiber composite part manufactured by Airbus. In addition, Stade is also producing Vertical tail and carbon fiber composite fuselage skin and so on. During the visit, the reporter also saw the manufacturing process of the skin on the A350 wing: firstly, the outer skin of the wing was made by an automatic laminating machine, which usually took 5 working days; then it was hot pressed in a 180 °C autoclave. Hours; followed by the second hot pressing, surface protection measures, quality inspection, etc. The total production time is about 50 working days; finally, it is transported to the Airbus Hamburg factory, and then transported to the Wharton, UK for wing assembly through the Great Whale Transporter. . At the Airbus Hamburg factory, the cabin customization work for all airlines that order Airbus aircraft is carried out here. Airbus has also built a dedicated custom-made center for the A350, where customers can make cabins faster and easier. Customized, many cabin suppliers have therefore set up their offices in the Hamburg factory.
The A350 cabin is equipped with the world's most advanced fourth-generation in-flight entertainment system. With high-bandwidth fiber optic transmission, even economy class passengers can view high-definition images through a 12-inch wide screen. At the same time, like all Airbus aircraft, the A350 can be installed with the on-board Wi-Fi system, and passengers will be able to access the Internet on more and more flights.
do you know? The Airbus A350XWB also has a very close relationship with China. It is the first foreign aircraft project in the world to include China in the list of R&D and manufacturing participating countries in the project phase. China's aviation industry enterprises undertake the manufacturing task of 5% of the A350 body, which is equivalent to 100 A350 sold by Airbus. Five of them are made in China. More importantly, Chinese engineers have been involved in the R&D and design of the A350 since the beginning of the project, and many of its patented technologies have been applied in the A350 component design. Chen Juming, president of Airbus China, told reporters that Airbus A350 related projects have directly spawned Airbus investment in tens of millions of dollars to build two joint ventures in China - Airbus (Beijing) Engineering Technology Center and Harbin Hafei Airbus Composites Manufacturing centers, which are responsible for the design of the A350 and the production of composite parts.

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