For distributed generation, although China lacks a mature business model system, the pace of exploration has never stopped. The Golden Sun subsidy, which is no longer implemented, is a trial and error journey and proves that subsidies from the equipment side are flawed. China then turned to learning the experience of subsidies in Europe and the United States, subsidizing power generation, and eliminating the possibility of fraudulent subsidies for equipment without generating electricity. To a certain extent, this is a progress made by China in exploring the business model of distributed power subsidy, and it is at least clear that the innovation of the business model from terminal electricity prices is feasible.
For the subsidized business model of distributed generation, although clear detailed provisions have not been introduced, after careful discussions in the first half of the year, the National Energy Administration issued in the second half of the year the “Notice on Launching a Distributed PV Generation Application Demonstration Areaâ€. Xinneng [2013] No. 296 approved the construction of the first batch of distributed photovoltaic power generation application demonstration zones in 18 project industrial parks and enjoy a subsidy of 0.42 yuan/kWh. Compared with the RMB 0.35/degree subsidy proposed in the draft of the “Consummation of Photovoltaic Power Pricing Policy†announced by the Development and Reform Commission's Price Division in March this year, it has been adjusted upwards.
The 0.42 yuan/degree subsidy standard has accelerated the return on investment of these newly approved projects. Zhongguancun Haidian Park, Haidian District, Beijing Within the demonstration zones, a photovoltaic engineer integrated Beijing’s industrial electricity consumption and average daily sunshine and electricity generation. Under the incentive of 0.42 yuan/kWh, the investment of the project will only be returned to the current period. It takes 3 years. This undoubtedly greatly encouraged the construction of distributed photovoltaic power generation demonstration areas in China.
However, the enjoyment of the 0.42 yuan/kWh tariff subsidy model is only a matter of one discussion and is only applicable to the 18 project industrial parks currently approved. It has not yet been widely promoted in China as a fixed subsidy tariff. This is because, in China, the electricity price for industrial and commercial use is about 0.8 to 1.4 yuan/kWh, and the electricity price for ordinary residents is 0.3 to 0.5 yuan/kWh, which brings about the imbalance in the income of current fixed-rate electricity subsidies. . The electricity price is high. After obtaining the actual fixed-rate electricity subsidy, the greater the return, while the average resident electricity price is lower, the longer the income period. As a result, the problem of unfair returns has made the choice of users and buildings for investors in photovoltaic distributed generation projects complicated. According to Wang Sicheng, a researcher at the New Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, according to the photovoltaic power generation cost of 1.2 yuan/kWh, only industrial power with a power price higher than 0.8 yuan can make a profit.
It is precisely because of the unbalanced nature of electricity prices in China's electricity consumers that China has been unable to find a balance point in the amount of subsidy and settlement methods for “spontaneous self-use and surplus electricity uploadâ€. The fixed tariff standard is transparent and simple to operate. It will not be affected by differences in the electricity prices of different users and peak-to-valley tariffs, but the benefits will be directly affected by the electricity prices of users.
This is why the current Energy Bureau only encourages the construction of distributed photovoltaic power generation demonstration zones in industrial parks. On the one hand, because the electricity price of industrial electricity is relatively high, on the other hand, because of the large load of industrial electricity, it is easy to absorb photovoltaic power generation on the spot, which is in line with the self-use mode encouraged by the state. However, China's distributed generation can only start from demonstration applications in industrial parks, and explore reasonable business models step by step. For the distributed generation business model applicable to residents, it is necessary to learn from the experience and actual results accumulated in the previous demonstration project for further research and discussion.
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