The finer the nanoparticles and the smaller the deformation, the higher the strength.
The team led by Chen Bin, a researcher at the Beijing High-Pressure Science Research Center, and Huang Xiaoxu, a professor at Chongqing University, discovered the continuous strengthening of nano-nickel under high pressure. The strength of 3-nanometer nickel under high pressure can reach 10 times that of ordinary commercial nickel. This research provides a new idea for obtaining high-strength metals: high-pressure fine-grain strengthening. Related research was published in "Nature" a few days ago.
Normally, the smaller the grain, the higher the strength. However, scientists have found through calculations that when the grain size is reduced to about 15 to 10 nanometers, the strength of nanometals no longer increases, but decreases-showing a softening phenomenon. For nano-metals with finer grains (less than 15 nanometers), the change in strength as the size becomes smaller has been a mystery. This is because traditional experimental methods face great challenges in measuring the strength of such small materials.
The aforementioned team was the first to introduce a technique for geoscience mineral research into the study of compression deformation of nanomaterials. They conducted a comparative study on the deformation of nickel metal from 200 nm to 3 nm (a total of 8 grain sizes) under high pressure, and found that the compressive strength of nickel metal continued to increase as the grain size decreased. Among them, the strength of the 3-nanometer nickel sample can reach 10 times the strength of traditional nickel.
Further theoretical calculations and transmission electron microscopy measurements show that the dislocations that occur in samples below 20 nanometers and the great suppression of plastic deformation at grain boundaries by high pressure are the keys to strengthening small samples. The researchers observed similar fine-grain strengthening in two other metals, gold and palladium. Therefore, this study provides a universal way to obtain high-strength metals—compression of nano-metals to obtain high strength.
"Previous studies have shown that the nanocrystals will soften when they are refined to a certain size. Our research shows that compression can effectively suppress the plastic deformation of the nanograin boundaries, thereby suppressing the softening, so it can help us obtain high-strength nanometal materials. Chen Bin said, "The preparation of practical high-strength nanometals should not be far away." (Reporter Yan Jie)
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