With the individualization and diversification of market demand, the general trend of the development of advanced manufacturing technology in the future is to develop in the direction of precision, flexibility, networking, virtualization, intelligence, cleanliness, integration and globalization.
In the 21st century, with the continuous development of high-tech such as electronics and information, with the individualization and diversification of market demand, the general trend of future advanced manufacturing technology development is to be precise, flexible, networked, virtualized, and intelligent. Development, cleanliness, integration, and globalization.
The current development trend of advanced manufacturing technology generally has the following aspects:
1. Information technology plays an increasingly important role in the development of advanced manufacturing technology
Informatization is the trend of today's society, and information technology is moving forward at a speed that people cannot imagine. Information technology is also injecting and integrating manufacturing technologies to promote the continuous development of manufacturing technologies. It can be said that the formation and development of advanced manufacturing technologies are all related to the application and injection of information technology. It increases the technical content of manufacturing technology and makes qualitative changes in traditional manufacturing techniques. The role of information technology in the development of manufacturing technology has now taken the lead. In the 21st century, the development of all aspects of advanced manufacturing technology will play the focus of today:
• The turning point of growth in the globalization of the machinery industry • The status quo and development of the foundry mold industry • Modern machine tools put high demands on equipment and accessories • The export volume of Guangdong air conditioners fell in January-April
More important role.
Information technology promotes the modernization of design technology, the precision and rapidization of processing and manufacturing, the flexibility and intelligence of automation technology, and the networking and globalization of the entire manufacturing process. The development of various advanced production modes, such as CIMS, concurrent engineering, lean production, agile manufacturing, virtual enterprise and virtual manufacturing, are all supported by the development of information technology.
2, design technology continues to modernize
Product design is the soul of manufacturing. The main development trends of modern design technology are:
(1) The computerization of design means is based on the realization of computer computing and drawing. It is currently reflected in the application of numerical simulation or virtual reality technology in design, as well as the development of modern product modeling theory, and is designed to be intelligent. Direction development.
(2) New design ideas and methods continue to emerge such as parallel design, Design for X--DFX, Robust Design, Optimal Design, and Reverse Engineering )Wait.
(3) Designing for the whole life cycle The traditional design is limited to product design. The life cycle design shifts from simple, specific and detailed design to complex overall design and decision making. It should be considered, including design, manufacturing and testing. , sales, use, maintenance, scrapping and other stages of the entire product · China Building Materials Network - building materials a little through · ranking top three, proud of peers · stormy boat, a total of five years · excellent building materials company website broadcast
The life cycle.
(4) The design process is changed from simply considering technical factors to comprehensively considering technical, economic and social factors. Designing is not just about pursuing the advanced and high level of a certain performance indicator, but paying attention to the market, price, safety, aesthetics, resources, environment, etc. Impact.
3, forming and improving manufacturing technology to the direction of precision, precision, less energy consumption, no pollution
Forming manufacturing technology is a general term for unit technologies such as casting, plastic processing, joining, and powder metallurgy. Looking forward to the 21st century, shape-forming technology is evolving from the manufacture of workpiece blanks, from near Net Shape Proccess to direct fabrication of workpieces or Net Shape Proccess. According to the International Machinery Processing Technology Association, by the beginning of the next century, the combination of plastic forming and grinding will replace the cutting of most small and medium-sized parts. The modification technology mainly includes various technologies of heat treatment and surface engineering. The main development trend is to achieve precise surface performance, precise shape and size, and surface (coating) layers with various special performance requirements through various new types of precision heat treatment and plexiglass treatment, while greatly reducing energy consumption and completely eliminating environmental pollution.
4. Processing and manufacturing technology is developing towards ultra-precision, ultra-high speed and the development of next-generation manufacturing equipment.
(1) Ultra-precision machining technology The current machining precision reaches 0.025μm and the surface roughness reaches 0.0045μm, which has entered the nano-scale processing era. Ultra-precision cutting thickness is from the current infrared band to the visible band or even shorter band; super-precision machine tools are moving toward multi-functional modularization; super-finishing materials are expanded from metal to non-metal.
(2) Ultra-high-speed cutting At present, the cutting speed of ultra-high-speed cutting of aluminum alloy has exceeded 1600m/min, the cast iron is 1500m/min, the super-heat-resistant nickel alloy is 300m/min, and the titanium alloy is 200m/min. The development of ultra-high speed cutting has shifted to the machining of difficult materials.
(3) Development of new-generation manufacturing equipment Market competition and the development of new products, new technologies and new materials are driving the research and development of new processing equipment. A typical example is “parallel truss-type CNC machine tools†(or commonly known as “six The development of the leg "machine tool". It breaks through the structural scheme of the traditional machine tool and uses six shaft length changes to achieve the change of the tool's machining position relative to the workpiece.
5. The process has developed from engineering to engineering science, and process simulation technology has developed rapidly.
An important development trend of advanced manufacturing technology is that the process design is from empirical judgment to quantitative analysis, and the processing technology is developed from engineering to engineering science.
The numerical simulation and physical simulation of the thermal processing process is an important development direction, and is an important symbol for the thermal processing technology from the art to the science. Numerical simulations are used in process design such as casting, forging, welding, heat treatment, etc., and combined with physical simulation and expert systems to determine process parameters, optimize process plans, predict defects that may occur during processing, and preventive measures to be taken. Control and protect the quality of the machined workpiece. Using this kind of scientific simulation technology and combining with a small amount of experimental verification, instead of using a lot of repeated experiments in the past, not only can save a lot of people and material resources, but also can solve some problems that cannot be tested at present by numerical simulation. Complex problems in direct research
Process simulation has also been developed and applied to metal cutting processes and product design processes. The latest development is the development of virtual forming in a parallel engineering environment, so that when the design of the product is completed, the preparatory work for forming manufacturing (such as casting) is also completed.
6. The boundaries between majors and disciplines gradually faded and disappeared.
The continuous development of advanced manufacturing technology, between the hot and cold processing, between processing, testing, logistics, assembly process, design, material application, processing and manufacturing, the boundaries are gradually faded, and gradually become integrated. For example, the advent of CAD, CAPP, and CAM has made design and manufacturing integrated; the development of precision forming technology has made it possible to directly provide parts close to the final shape and size, which, combined with grinding, may cover most of the parts. The processing of parts has weakened the boundaries of hot and cold processing; the production of Rapid Prototyping/Parts Manufacturing (RPM) technology is a major breakthrough in the manufacturing field in the past 20 years, which can automatically and quickly design The idea is materialized into a prototype or direct manufacturing part with certain structure and function, which weakens the boundaries between design and manufacture; the emergence of robot processing workstations and FMS, which integrates the processing, testing and logistics processes; modern manufacturing systems make automation technology It is inseparable from traditional processes; the preparation and molding of many new materials is done at the same time, and it is difficult to draw a line between material application and manufacturing technology. This trend is manifested in the fact that the concept of a professional workshop is gradually diminishing in production, and the production methods of integrating a variety of different professional technologies into one equipment, one production line, one work section or workshop are gradually increasing.
7. Green manufacturing will become an important feature of manufacturing in the 21st century
The increasingly strict environment and resource constraints make green manufacturing more and more important. It will be an important feature of manufacturing in the 21st century. Correspondingly, green manufacturing technology will also develop rapidly. mainly reflects in:
(1) Green product design technology The product meets the requirements of environmental protection, human health, low energy consumption and high resource utilization rate in the life cycle.
(2) Green manufacturing technology Throughout the manufacturing process, the negative impact on the environment is minimized, waste and hazardous substances are minimized, and resource utilization efficiency is the highest. Green manufacturing technology mainly includes three aspects of green resources, green production processes and green products.
(3) Recycling and recycling of products, for example, disassembly and recycling technologies for automobiles and other products, and recycling manufacturing technologies for eco-factories. It mainly consists of production system plants - dedicated to product design and material processing, processing and assembly stages, recovery system plants - mainly for the material processing cycle at the end of the product (material use) life cycle.
8, virtual reality technology in the manufacturing industry is getting more and more applications
Virtual Reality Technology mainly includes two parts: virtual manufacturing technology and virtual enterprise.
Virtual manufacturing technology will fundamentally change the traditional manufacturing model of design, trial production, modified design, and scale production. Before the product is actually produced, the soft prototype is first generated in the virtual manufacturing environment instead of the traditional Hard Prototype to test and evaluate the performance and manufacturability, thus shortening the product design. And manufacturing cycle, reduce product development costs, improve the ability of the system to respond quickly to market changes.
The virtual enterprise is to respond quickly to a certain market demand. Through the information superhighway, the temporary group of different enterprises involved in the product is built into a cooperative economic entity without walls, beyond space constraints, by computer network, and unified command. The characteristics of a virtual enterprise are the incompleteness of the functions of the enterprise, the geographical dispersion, and the non-permanence of the organizational structure, that is, the virtualization of functions, the virtualization of organizations, and the virtualization of regions.
9. Information technology, management technology and process technology are closely integrated, and advanced manufacturing production mode is continuously developed.
After the transition of the small-volume, small-volume, large-volume, multi-variety and small-batch production models, the manufacturing industry began to adopt the computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS) for flexible production mode in the 1970s and 1980s. And gradually develop towards Intelligent Manufacturing Technology (IMT) and Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS). Advanced manufacturing models such as Lean Manufacturing (LP) and Agile Manufacturing (AM) have emerged. It is expected that the advanced manufacturing model will continue to develop at the beginning of the 21st century.
The progress of several advanced manufacturing modes mentioned above mainly reflects the following five changes:
1) From technology-centric to people-centered;
2) From pyramidal multi-level production to flat network structure;
3) From the traditional sequential working mode to the parallel working mode;
4) From a fixed organization form divided by function to a dynamic, self-managed group work organization form;
5) From the quality first competitive strategy to the fast-sounding market competition strategy.
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