The movement of the machine control components enables the precision machining of the machine tool. This is the main difference between the hand tool and the machine tool. The following discusses one of the control elements of the machine tool - the rail system.
Machine tool builders are most concerned with the accuracy, rigidity and service life of machine tools. The research method of the rail system is not enough. At least in the machine tool manufacturing technology, it is not placed in an important position. In the machine tool sample and advertisement, the most attractive technical parameters are: spindle speed and feed speed. , tool change time and rapid feed rate. Of course, these parameters are important to the performance of the machine. However, the guide rails provide a reliable basis for the realization of machine tool functions.
Various types of machine tool working parts use the control shaft to move on the specified guide rail. The machine tool designer selects various different types of rail system according to the type and purpose of the machine tool. The following three types are widely used; A rolling element guide rail composed of a guide rail, a linear rolling guide, and a combination of a recirculating roller and a flat guide rail. Of course, the system is much more than the above three forms, and there are other forms of guide rails.
Rail function
Although the form of the rail system is varied, the nature of the work is the same, and the machine tool's working parts move on the designated rail system, just as the train travels along the rail in the specified direction. Whether it is a machine guide or a rail on a railway, it has the following three basic functions:
(1) Orientation for the movement of the carrier
(2) Provide a smooth moving surface for the carrier
(3) Transfer the force generated by the movement of the train or the cutting of the machine tool to the foundation or the bed to reduce the impact of the resulting impact on the passengers and passively machined parts.
The movement along the rail system is mostly linear and a few are arc motions. The focus of this article is on linear guide systems. Of course, many techniques for linear guides can directly apply curved guides.
Why is the rail called the "system"? This is because the work of the rail system involves the simultaneous operation of several components, the most basic components being a moving component and a stationary component. There are various forms of moving components, which will be described in detail later. The fixing components are generally rail-type, which guarantees the accuracy of the guide rails. If the guide rails are bent and deformed, the moving components or sliding components lose precise guidance.
The machine tool builder is doing its utmost to ensure the accuracy of the rail mounting. Before the guide rail is processed. Rails and working parts have been aged. To eliminate internal stress. In order to ensure the accuracy of the guide rail and prolong the service life, scraping is a common process.
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