With the economic development, social progress, the improvement of science and technology, and the increasing prominence of global resources and environmental issues, the development of power grids faces new challenges and new challenges. Relying on modern information, communication and control technologies, actively developing a strong smart grid to meet the requirements of sustainable development has become a common choice for the development of the world's electric power.
State Grid Corporation
Strong smart grid development results
Since 2009, the State Grid Corporation of China has launched a strong smart grid research and implementation work and achieved important results in eight areas: First, three UHV AC and DC projects with the highest voltage and largest capacity in the world have been built and have been sent Electricity exceeds 80 billion kilowatt hours. The second is to obtain a number of research results on key technologies for large-scale new energy generation and grid integration, supporting the development, consumption and industry development of new energy. The installed capacity of grid-connected wind power in the business area has exceeded 60 million kilowatts. Third, a number of smart transmission technologies have been widely used to realize the lean management of transmission business and the safe operation of power grids. The deployment of power transmission equipment condition monitoring systems has been completed in 15 provinces. The fourth is the continuous practice of two generations of smart substations. Based on the two batches of a total of 74 pilot projects, the original smart substation technology plan will be further upgraded, the main wiring and layout will be greatly optimized, an integrated business system will be built, and advanced application functions will be deepened. More than 500 smart substations have been built and put into operation. Many key equipments have been successfully developed and scaled up. Fifth, distribution automation has accelerated the promotion and application, made progress in the self-healing control of distribution networks, etc., and built distribution automation systems in the core areas of 64 cities, which has improved the intelligent operation level of distribution networks. Sixth, it has accumulated 155 million electricity consumption information collections, built a large-scale advanced measurement system (AMI), and supported the promotion of smart electricity services. Seventh, the construction of an electric vehicle charging and changing service network was fully promoted. In the 26 provinces (districts), 360 electric vehicle replacement stations and 15,333 charging piles were put into operation, which drove the rapid development of electric vehicle-related industries. Eighth, the Smart Grid Dispatching Technical Support System has been fully applied and the 31 smart power grid dispatching technical support systems have been completed and put into operation to improve the safe operation level of the large power grids.
Strong smart grid
The main challenges for development
Deepening the construction of smart grids still faces the following challenges:
The ability to optimize resource allocation in a wider range needs to be improved. The inequality of China's primary energy distribution and regional economic development has determined the inevitability of large-scale trans-regional allocation of resources and nationwide optimization. With the rapid development of China's economy, the demand for electricity has continued to grow rapidly, and the imbalance between the development pattern of power on the ground and the unbalanced distribution of resources and productivity has become increasingly prominent. The lack of electricity and the phenomenon of litter coexist, cross-area networking construction lags behind, inter-regional transport and exchange capacity is insufficient, the scope of the allocation of power resources and configuration efficiency is greatly limited, the ability to optimize the allocation of resources in a larger range needs to be improved. In addition, due to environmental issues becoming increasingly prominent, especially the environmental protection pressure brought about by frequent haze weather in the eastern region, it is also required to speed up the construction of electricity as the center and realize the “electricity from afar†energy allocation system.
New energy access and control capabilities need to be further strengthened. China's wind power, photovoltaic and other new energy sources are developing rapidly. On the one hand, the eight million-million kilowatt-class wind power bases are accelerating their construction, presenting the characteristics of large-scale and intensive development. On the other hand, distributed new energy and other forms of power generation are in the ascendant and there is a possibility of explosive growth in the future. Since 2002, the annual increase of wind power installed capacity in the operating area of ​​the State Grid Corporation has increased by 74.9%, and the average installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation has increased by 52.2%. This has brought significant challenges to the operation of the power grid. First, it is necessary to further improve the accuracy of weather forecasting and improve the forecast accuracy of new energy generation; Second, it is necessary to rationally arrange new energy grid connection methods to achieve the joint operation of scenery and traditional power supply and energy storage; and thirdly, it is necessary to further enhance the Safety, adaptability, and regulatory capabilities; Fourth, the need to further strengthen the construction and transformation of urban and rural distribution networks requires the distribution network to be self-healing, reconfigurable, and flexible to dispatch, with distributed clean energy acceptance capabilities.
The level of intelligence in grid equipment needs continuous improvement. Since 2009, the State Grid Corporation of China has applied a number of advanced and applicable technologies such as condition monitoring of power transmission and transformation equipment, integrated alarm analysis and self-healing of distribution networks, but overall, the scale, scope, and depth of application of these technologies are still relatively high. Low, need to further increase promotion. At the same time, it is necessary to pay more attention to the application of advanced network information and basic technologies such as automatic control to further enhance the intelligent level of on-line intelligent analysis, early warning, decision-making, control, etc. of the power grid, to meet the requirements of coordinated control of power grids at all levels, and to support the integration of smart grids. Operation.
The interaction with users needs to be constantly enhanced. With the rapid development of distributed power at the user side and distribution side, especially with the large-scale use of rooftop solar power generation and electric vehicles, the two-way interaction between the power flow and information flow in the power grid has been continuously strengthened, which will have a significant impact on power grid operation and management. influences. First, it is necessary to focus on the changes in the physical characteristics of the power grid, establish mathematical and physical models, and solve related problems such as information exchange and dispatch control. Second, it is necessary to vigorously explore supporting policies and business operation models to adapt distributed power to the grid. The needs, enrichment of service content, expansion of terminal energy service areas and content, promotion of terminal energy efficiency, and sustainable development.
Strong smart grid
Development focus areas
In the face of new developments and new challenges, the State Grid Corporation of China needs to focus its research and exploration on the following directions:
Development of UHV, flexible AC and multi-terminal DC transmission technologies to achieve flexible and efficient deployment of energy resources in a wider range. The supply and demand of China's energy resources are reversely distributed in long-distance. It is necessary to further deepen research and explore how to apply UHV transmission technologies on a larger scale. It is necessary to develop large-capacity, long-distance and flexible transmission technologies. By researching large-capacity flexible AC transmission technology based on fully-controlled devices, key technologies of multi-terminal DC transmission, new fault current limiting technology, and thyristor control phase-shifting technology, the UHVDC transmission current is increased to 6250 amps and the voltage is increased to ±1100 kV. Achieving a powerful and flexible grid power flow control capability will greatly increase the scale and efficiency of grid energy resource allocation, and achieve UHV and cross-regional transmission capacity in 2015 and 2020 to reach 210 million kilowatts and 450 million kilowatts, respectively.
Solve the problems of safe and efficient access and control of multiple types of distributed power sources to meet the demand for distributed power grid operation. In order to achieve a large number and type of distributed intermittent power grid and safe and efficient operation, it is necessary to solve the problems of distributed power supply orderly access, coordination control and energy optimization management. Through researching high-precision weather forecasting technologies, improving the accuracy of distributed power generation forecasting, researching energy storage and active distribution network technologies, improving control techniques for demand-side resources such as distributed generation and electric vehicles, and cracking distributed generation safety and efficiency Access and control problems, to achieve efficient use of distributed energy, and promote the development of China's distributed power supply.
Study the dispatching operation control technology of “distribution autonomy, centralized coordination†and build an adaptive security intelligence defense system. With the gradual increase in the level of intelligence in each aspect of “send, lose, change, match, useâ€, as the “brain†and “nerve center†of smart grid, how to realize power system through dispatching operation control on the basis of intelligence in each link The overall smart operation is a difficult problem to be solved. Through the study of "source-net-load" self-disciplined grid energy management and operation control technology, a new generation of intelligent dispatching technology based on cloud computing technology, wide-area coordinated stability control technology of AC-DC hybrid power grid, etc., at 33 provinces and The above dispatching center has built an interconnected and interactive energy management system to realize the integration of power grid dispatching and operation control, improve the ability of the power grid to respond to catastrophes, and further enhance the ability to control large power grids.
Study technologies for power consumption and energy efficiency improvement, and improve the energy efficiency of power grids and end-users. Serve the diversified needs of power users, improve the quality of electricity service and the use of energy efficiency, support new types of loads such as electric vehicles, and improve the energy efficiency of power grids and end-users. It is imperative to carry out research and development of end-user energy service-related technologies. Along with the continuous emergence of vehicle-mounted power sources with faster charging, longer life, and longer cruising range, it is necessary to focus on exploring efficient, flexible charging and replacement network construction models and operating models. Supporting the national “50 million†development target during the “12th Five-Year Plan†period. It is necessary to focus on the optimization control techniques for load-side schedulable resources. In response to changes in the load composition structure in recent years, continuously improve the load modeling ideas and methods, and improve the accuracy of load modeling, such as the establishment of electric vehicles and their power batteries as schedulable Resource load model. At the same time, it is necessary to study the construction of an advanced measurement system (AMI), cover 340 million users in 2015, realize information exchange between users and the grid, and help users adjust their own power consumption behavior according to the operating state of the power grid in order to realize peak clipping. Filling valleys to reduce the peaks and valleys of the grid.
Research on the Internet of Things and cloud computing, big data technology, and promote the integration of power flow, information flow and business flow. The highly integrated integration of power flow, information flow, and service flow is the development trend of smart grids. The comprehensive sensing, reliable transmission, and intelligent processing technologies of power information are in urgent need of breakthrough. It is necessary to carry out research on unified modeling of power information, new sensing technologies for electricity, power grid technology, massive data cloud processing technologies, and basic service cloud platform technologies to break resource barriers between links and system applications, and to realize power physical ontology. Depth perception and cross-domain cooperation in the power business enable deep excavation of massive data, and greatly increase the level of intelligence in the power system.
Smart grid technology is an ever-evolving technology. The continuous promotion of smart grid construction is a common goal of grid construction and operation companies in different countries. Because of the different national conditions and economic development characteristics of different countries and regions, smart grid construction also has its own characteristics. This also helps International cooperation and complementarity.
China is facing the problems of insufficient capacity for new energy consumption, rapid development of electric vehicles, and poor ability to control peak-to-valley differences. Smart grid construction is an important solution. The State Grid Corporation of China expects to conduct more extensive and in-depth cooperation with the world's power industry peers to jointly carry out technical research and application, standard formulation, etc., and promote smart grid construction.
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