Introduction to aircraft fastener materials and design

The lightning protection system is considered to be the largest structural member in the overall aircraft structure, which is made of a low conductivity composite material (for example, a carbon fiber material), and may have a metal or composite structural member or a secondary structural member inside. Typically, a low electrical conductivity is exhibited in a direction perpendicular to the carbon fiber direction of the composite. Therefore, only in the absence of any lightning protection measures around the dielectric object, severe lightning damage (from the surrounding lightning spark), and in the case of fuel tank structural frame failure or liquid containment failure in the fuel tank, may result in Elastic damage. Usually in this case, the main parameter that can determine the damage assessment is the thickness of the material used.

The overall fuel tank structure configuration usually includes a flammable liquid and a protection system, and the composition thereof is as follows: the fuel tank body is covered with a low conductivity but not electrically insulating composite material. Carbon fiber materials are generally accepted and mature materials for materials currently used in structural design.

For component design considerations, current conductivity can be specified in a single overall structure and axially mounted metal washers through fasteners to improve electrical conductivity and fastener installation issues.

The fasteners are countersunk and have metal washers (if the internal parts are also made of metal). If the internal components are made of composite material, the fasteners are suitable for assembly on electrically insulating materials (eg, fiberglass). The metal nut at the end of the fastener is screwed onto the entire part as required. The correct assembly of the fasteners is such that the gasket may need to be fitted between the nut and the lower face of the internally fastened component. If the internal parts are made of composite material, the gasket should be made of electrically insulating material for the fiberglass material. If the internal parts are made of a metal material, a metal washer will be used. This is to ensure the compatibility of the electrical properties of the material. Finally, the outer surface of the structure is coated with an organic topcoat.

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