The large cherry is the fruit tree species with early fruit ripening in the deciduous fruit trees in northern China, and enjoys the reputation of “the first branch of spring fruitâ€. The color of the big cherry is bright red, exquisite and translucent, delicious and delicious, rich in nutrition and high in health care value. In recent years, combined with spring tourism picking, it has formed a craze in Shandong, Shaanxi, Henan and Hebei. The high economic efficiency of the large cherry has driven the enthusiasm of the majority of fruit farmers. However, the low yield and the easy death of the tree bring many problems to the farmers.
How to get high quality and high yield of big cherry needs to start from the following aspects:
First, trim:
In principle, the pruning of large cherries is mainly carried out during the growing season, but sometimes the pruning work in the growing season is not in place and needs to be adjusted by pre-emergence pruning. Pre-emergence pruning should try not to move the big branches, reduce the wound to prevent the flow of glue, to eliminate the dense branches, competition branches, and less short cuts.
General requirements cherry trim ends before March 20 in order to expand the timely follow-up work. The main purpose of pruning large-age trees is to adjust the load and open the light path to solve the problem of internal illumination. It is conceivable to remove the erect long branches that affect the illumination in some of the inner ridges ; trees with excessive flowering can eliminate some of the resulting branches and the thin fruit branches behind them. For the tree in the plastic period, the main branch should be opened, the tree potential should be eased, and the flowering should be promoted. The ratio of branches to stems should be 1:4 - 1:3 .
Second, pest control
1, Qing Yuan: the end of March, the ground of weeds, fallen leaves ditching buried in the ground, destroy overwintering pests bacteria source.
2, spraying: 4 before the end of March early germinating tree buds uniform spraying myclobutanil 25% EC + 48% 2000 times 1000 times chlorpyrifos, complete infiltration of killing pests source bark, significantly reduced the late pest base .
Third, water and fertilizer management
Big cherry hopes to have high quality and high yield, and spring water and fertilizer management is the key. Large cherry has higher requirements for nutritional conditions during fruiting. The budding flowering needs storage nutrition, and the fruit is mainly based on the nutrition of the year. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer at the early flowering stage has a significant effect on promoting the growth of flowering, fruit and leaves. The development of large cherry fruit is very short, usually 30-50 days. The fruit development process is the first long-term, hard-core, and second-time long-term. The fruit size at harvest depends mainly on the degree of fruit development in the first long-term and long-term, and the second expansion period determines the weight of the fruit and the quality of the fruit. Therefore, in the long-term rate of fruit for the first time be sure to add enough nutrients as soon as possible, do thinning, tree fruit load adjustment, increased fruit. In addition, the quality improvement must increase the amount of potassium fertilizer application, and appropriate amount of calcium, boron, zinc and other trace elements, reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
Watering is also essential for high quality and high yield of large cherries.
1. Watering before flowering: Before germination to flowering ( early April ), it mainly meets the demand for water for spreading leaves and flowers. This watering can reduce the ground temperature, prolong the flowering period, and sometimes avoid the danger of late frost, and effectively increase the leaf area on all kinds of branches, which is conducive to the formation of flower buds, and can also increase the fruit setting rate and increase the yield.
2 , watering during the hard core period: 10-15 days after falling flowers . At this time, the large cherry grows most vigorously and is most sensitive to the supply of water. Water shortage will cause a lot of softening of the willow fruit, and the watering will be reduced by 38.7% on average compared with the unwatered willow fruit .
3 , watering before mining: pouring water 10 to 15 days before harvesting , has a great impact on the yield and quality of large cherry. At this time, the fruit is rapidly expanding. If the water is deficient, the fruit is poorly developed, and the yield is low and the quality is poor. Watering before harvesting increases production by 20% to 30% compared to no watering , but the watering time will delay the harvesting period.
In response to the above situation, Haida Bio Group has made the following fertilization programs for the majority of farmers:
1, the end of early March 4, according to the tree vigor and last year before flowering flowers per case of cyclic or radial grooves Shimei Dan Hill 1-2 kg / strain, did not fall if the previous year manured Working at Heico-like organic and inorganic fertilizer ( 12-6-12 ) 1-2 kg, 3-5 kg of sea- shaped organic fertilizer , watered after fertilization.
2 , before flowering: to meet the needs of tree flowering, leaf expansion, fruit nutrient accumulation, combined with the water before the flowering, the application of sea-shaped concentrated seaweed fertilizer 16-20kg + seaweed rooting agent 400-800ml . Promote new root growth and development of the tree in spring, quick to add to absorb nutrients. The flowering of the seaweed flower fruit 1000 times liquid was applied to the leaf surface before flowering to improve pollen quality and promote pollination. After the flower is dropped , the seaweed flower fruit 1000 times liquid + signal calcium 1000 times solution is sprayed , which significantly reduces the physiological fruit drop, improves the fruit setting rate, enhances the quality of the young fruit, and promotes rapid development.
3 , hard core period: for the large cherry fruit rapid expansion period, the tree needs a lot of nutrients, combined with hard-core watering acres to apply the sea-like cola potassium 20-30kg or sea-shaped fruit fruit, fruit and vegetable music 15-20kg . Foliar sprayed seaweed essence 2000-3000 times liquid, signal calcium 1000-2000 times liquid, large cherry fruit fast, good quality, high yield, storage resistance, greatly improve farmers' income.
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