First, the definition of non-woven fabric
Nonwoven, also known as non-woven fabric, non-woven fabric.
A sheet, web or batt made by orienting or randomly arranging fibers by friction, cohesion or bonding or a combination of these methods. It does not include paper as well as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, tufted fabrics, stitchbonded fabrics with stitching yarns, and wet-reduced felts (whether or not such products are needle-reinforced).
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The fibers may be natural or chemically processed, and may be short fibers, filaments or fibers formed in situ.
Note: 1. The difference between wet and non-woven paper is that the non-woven fabric should meet one of the following conditions:
a, the fiber composition of the length to diameter ratio of more than 300 fibers (excluding chemically cooked plant fibers) accounted for more than 50% of the mass;
b, the fiber composition of the length to diameter ratio of more than 300 fibers (excluding chemically cooked plant fibers) accounted for more than 30% of the mass, and its density is less than 0.4 / cm3.
2. Viscose fibers are not considered to be chemically cooked plant fibers.
Second, fiber raw materials
There are many types of fiber materials suitable for non-woven fabrics, mainly natural fibers and chemical fibers. In order to produce nonwovens of different properties, uses and styles, high performance specialty fibers and functionalized, differentiated fibers can also be used.
(1) Natural fibers: such as cotton, wool, hemp, silk, etc.;
(2) Chemical fiber: such as viscose fiber, polyester, nylon, polypropylene, acrylic, vinylon, etc.;
(3) Differentiated fibers and high-performance fibers; such as: low-melting thermal bonding fibers (ES fiber, modified polypropylene, copolyamide, copolyester, etc.);
Microfiber (denier than 0.3dtex);
Three-dimensional crimped hollow fiber;
Colored fiber
High performance fiber (carbon fiber, aramid, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ketone, etc.);
Water-soluble fiber (water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol fiber, hydroxymethyl cellulose fiber, etc.)
(4) Properties of main chemical fibers and special fibers used in nonwoven fabrics (slightly omitted)
Third, non-woven fabric classification
There are many classification methods for non-woven fabrics, which can be processed according to the non-woven section: the method of forming the web and the classification of the product.
Fourth, non-woven fabric products and applications
(1) Non-woven fabric for medical and health
Fabrics for diapers and sanitary napkins; surgical blouses, caps, shoe covers, masks, masks, hospital patients, bed sheets, mattresses, pillowcases, anti-bacterial curtains; wet towels, cotton balls, sterile cloths; white blood cell separation materials, Artificial skin; basic materials for labor protection clothing in the case of radiation; medical tape base cloth, bandage base cloth, wound dressing, wound cushion, blood-sucking cloth.
(2) Non-woven fabric for household decoration
Carpet and flooring materials;
Carpet base fabric;
Curtains and curtains;
Tablecloths, bedspreads, wall coverings;
Mattress, furniture covering cloth;
artificial turf.
(3) Non-woven fabrics for clothing
Various clothing linings;
Winter warm flakes;
Outerwear and underwear;
Fashion accessories (clothing labels, lace, bras, shoulder pads, etc.).
(4) Footwear and imitation leather nonwovens
Fabric, artificial suede;
Lining of shoes, purses and suitcases;
Intermediate lining and support (reinforced) material.
(5) Filter materials
Conventional filter media: for air conditioning, kitchen smoke filters, beverage liquid filtration, etc.
High temperature resistant, corrosion resistant filter: Used to filter high temperature, corrosive exhaust and dust emitted from industrial furnaces.
(6) Geotextile
Underground drainage and geotextile seepage;
Geotextile for drainage and separation used in highway and railway construction;
Geotechnical fabric for reinforcement of bank slope dyke; geotextile for bridge engineering; waste stacking pool; impervious geotextile for artificial pool; waterproof asphalt base fabric.
(7) Automotive industry
Seat covers, sun visors, soft padding for doors, gaskets and covering materials for roof and luggage compartments, insulation and sound insulation materials, vaporizers, air filters, base fabrics for tufted carpets; needle-punched looped molded carpets, sofas Padded material.
(8) Industrial non-woven fabrics
Oil absorption materials for oil removal in ports and oil recovery in offshore oil recovery areas;
Electrical insulating material; battery separator cloth; industrial polishing material;
Glass steel tube reinforced substrate, industrial tape substrate, industrial hose substrate.
(9) Agricultural non-woven fabrics
Household harvest cloth, anti-frost cloth, pest control cloth, soil moisturizing cloth, nursery cloth, greenhouse greenhouse.
(10) Household goods nonwoven fabric
Wipe cloth, shoe cloth, suit sleeve, bag cloth, bedding collection bag, pillowcase, seat cover sand cover, gift bag, tea bag, kitchen filter residue, water filter bag.
(11) Others
Disk pad
Coated base fabric;
Packaging Materials;
Special paper (advanced banknote paper, certificate, map cloth, calendar cloth, oil car calligraphy cloth).
Elevator modernization (or lift modernisation) is the process of upgrading the critical parts of the elevator in order for it to be able to handle new technology, have better performance, improve safety, and even give the aesthetics an up-to-date appeal
Most elevators are built to provide about 20 years of service, as long as service intervals specified and periodic maintenance/inspections by the manufacturer are followed. As the elevator ages and equipment become increasingly difficult to find or replace, along with code changes and deteriorating ride performance, a complete overhaul of the elevator may be suggested to the building owners.
A typical modernization consists of controller equipment, electrical wiring and buttons, position indicators and direction arrows, hoist machines and motors (including door operators), and sometimes door hanger tracks. Rarely are car slings, rails, or other heavy structures changed. The cost of an elevator modernization can range greatly depending on which type of equipment is to be installed.
Modernization can greatly improve operational reliability by replacing mechanical relays and contacts with solid-state electronics. Ride quality can be improved by replacing motor-generator-based drive designs with Variable-Voltage, Variable Frequency (VVVF) drives, providing near-seamless acceleration and deceleration. Passenger safety is also improved by updating systems and equipment to conform to current codes.
Components needs to be replaced in different elevator modernization plan
| Component | Scheme of elevator modernization plan | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Refurbishment work | Partial modernization | Full modernization | Full replacement | |
| Elevator car | ||||
| Sling | No | No | by building owners | Yes |
| Door operator | No | by building owners | Yes | Yes |
| Cab design | by building owners | by building owners | Yes | Yes |
| Car doors | by building owners | by building owners | Yes | Yes |
| Car fixtures | Yes | by building owners | Yes | Yes |
| Wedges connected to the governor | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Additional phone/intercom if they don't equipped | by building owners | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Traveling cable | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Hydraulic rams | No | No | No | Yes |
| Wire ropes | No | by building owners | Yes | Yes |
| Shaft | ||||
| Counterweight | No | No | No | Yes |
| Guide rails | No | No | No | Yes |
| Buffers | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Electrical components | No | No | No | Yes |
| Tapehead | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Limit switches | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Wiring | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Compensations | No | No | No | Yes |
| Lobby | ||||
| Shaft door components | by building owners | by building owners | Yes | Yes |
| Shaft doors | by building owners | by building owners | by building owners | Yes |
| Hall fixtures | Yes | by building owners | Yes | Yes |
| Machine room | ||||
| Machines | No | by building owners | Yes | Yes |
| Controllers | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Removal of the selector | by building owners | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Overspeed governor | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Additional unintended car movement protection device if they don't equipped | by building owners | by elevator safety code in countries | ||
| Backup battery or uninterruptible power supply | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Benefits of elevator modernization
Modernization can greatly improve operational reliability by replacing mechanical relays and contacts with solid-state electronics. Ride quality can be improved by replacing motor-generator-based drive designs with Variable-Voltage, Variable Frequency (VVVF) drives, providing near-seamless acceleration and deceleration. Passenger safety is also improved by updating systems and equipment (such as double brake system, unintended car movement protection device on the brake system etc.) to conform to current codes.
With CEP traction elevator modernization, we use the existing elevator structure while upgrading the ride quality and reliability with state-of-the-art components. Upgrade to a CEP closed loop door operator or a sophisticated, energy saving VVVF inverter.
CEP traction elevator modernization can include:
- CEP Microprocessor Based Control System
- CEP Microprocessor Based Efficient Dispatch System
- Energy Efficient AC Drives or SCR Drives on Existing AC Gearless Machines
- Traction Machines (Geared / Gearless)
- Rope Brake System
- CEP Closed Loop Door Operating System
- Car & Hall Pushbutton Fixtures & Indicators
- Car & Counterweight Roller Guides
- Seismic Upgrades
- Security Upgrades
- Cab Interior Renovations or Cab Replacement
NOTE: Complete tear-out modernizations are available.
Contact us TODAY for Right Modernization Package Available
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Elevator Modernization,Lift Modernisation,Passenger Lift Modernization,Passenger Elevator Modernization
CEP Elevator Products ( China ) Co., Ltd. , https://www.zjelevatordoorsystem.com