Chestnut is a favorite food for many friends. The market is also relatively large. Today, I will share with you the main reasons for the empty chestnut and the way to improve the fruit setting rate.
The main reason for the empty chestnut and the method of improving the fruit setting rate
1. Analysis of the main reasons for chestnut empty space
1.1 Climate issues
In addition to pests and diseases, climatic conditions are another important factor affecting the yield of chestnut trees. The suitable temperature for chestnut planting is 11 °C ~ 22 °C, and the rainfall should not be too much. If the rainwater accumulates for a long time, the chestnut roots will be attacked by pathogens. Through the analysis of precipitation, the average annual precipitation is likely to become an important reason that affects the emptying of local chestnut trees.
1.2 Insufficient pollination
Through the analysis of the empty chestnut phenomenon, it is found that another important reason for the emptying phenomenon is that the pollination rate is not enough. Due to the gap between the opening period of the female flower and the male flower, the female is late and the male flower is incomplete. The pollen held by the male flower has incomplete characteristics, and the distance of the spreading is relatively limited. The chance of fertilization on the same chestnut tree is small. It is easy to cause the phenomenon of poor fertilization. If the energy is not enough, it will easily lead to the problem of openness. Of course, through the analysis of the situation of chestnut planting in Shaoguan area, the planting methods are relatively mixed, and the variety selection is not clear. Because of the different pollination conditions of different varieties, even some varieties will suffer from the “Meiyu†season, which will be washed successively by rain. Or poor light transmission, it will easily lead to the occurrence of open problems, affecting the fruit set rate of chestnut.
1.3 Soil nutrition
Soil is an important condition for the growth of chestnut trees, and it is an important carrier for planting chestnut trees. The pH value and parent material of the soil will affect the growth of chestnut trees. The soil is rich in trace elements, among which boron is one of the important trace elements. If the soil nutrients lack sufficient boron, it will lead to emptyness. Boron has a promoting effect on pollen, can stimulate the development of pollen, and can make the pollen tube elongate, which has a positive impact on the development of the ovary, thereby improving the vitamin and sugar content, which is conducive to improving the quality of pollination. It is the key to ensuring the fullness of chestnut granules. If the soil lacks the corresponding boron element, the plant will be relatively fragile, the growth of the transporting tissue will be inhibited, the development will be incomplete, and the pollen will not be able to obtain high-quality differentiation, which will lead to poor fertilization and empty chestnut. In addition, the pH of the soil also affects the growth of chestnut trees. Chestnut trees are suitable for growth in acidic soils and have strong sensitivity to alkaline soils. The pH of soil should be maintained at 4.6-7.5, and the most suitable interval is 5.6-6.5.
1.4 Fertilization is unreasonable
Through the analysis of the growth process of chestnut trees to the maturity process, it is known that the development process is relatively fragile. The chestnut in the stage of carcass formation is relatively fragile and weak in immunity. It will be affected by fertilization conditions. If the fertility is insufficient, it will cause air. Awkward phenomenon.
The main reason for the empty chestnut and the method of improving the fruit setting rate
2. Method for increasing chestnut fruit setting rate
2.1 Choose high quality varieties
The occurrence of chestnut emptying is inextricably linked with the selection of the previous period. If the seeds with poor or incompetent ability are selected, the chestnut will be reduced in quantity. Scientific selection of high-quality varieties, attention to the pursuit of variety quality, selection of suppliers with good reputation and positive channels, identification of the quality of chestnut trees, testing and investigation of the fruit setting rate of chestnut varieties, once unqualified, timely Discarded to avoid a large amount of openness after planting, affecting the yield of chestnut trees. Scientific selection is an effective way and precondition for avoiding the occurrence of openness. Choosing high-yield and high-quality chestnut varieties is an important way to achieve high yield.
2.2 Scientifically carry out boron application
Boron is the key element of chestnut growth, which determines the yield and openness of chestnut. It should be clearly analyzed according to chestnut planting conditions and soil conditions, and scientifically apply quantitative boron to promote the growth and development of chestnut and avoid openness. occur. The boron should be selected in the spring of April, and after entering the rainy season, it can be selected in July. The effect of applying boron in the rainy season is not currently available, and it will produce good results in the next two years, and its effect will last for a long time. Spraying boron is selected on the foliar surface. Every year from May 12 to June 10, three times a month, after spraying for one month, certain effects will appear, and the openness will gradually improve. A certain amount of boron is applied to the soil. If the area of ​​the canopy is 1 square meter, 15 grams can be applied. The concentration of the leaves should be selected at a concentration of 0.25%. A certain amount of urea or superphosphate can also be applied. Mixture. Excavate the annular groove around the tree to ensure that the depth of the ditch is kept between 21 and 28 cm. After the borax is dissolved, it is applied into the ditch, and a certain amount of organic fertilizer is applied, and then a certain amount of water is poured. Seal the ditch.
2.3 Do a good job in soil and fertilizer management
The growers should manage the soil in time, periodically deepen the soil, rationally close the plants, and grasp the spacing of the chestnuts. Through deep turning, it can provide sufficient oxygen for the soil to ensure good ventilation conditions inside the soil. In order to ensure the permeability of the soil, the hay leaves can be selected as the covering material, and the farmyard manure can be applied as an important resource to create Good chestnut tree growing environment. In the base of the chestnut tree, covered with certain weeds, it is conducive to water conservation, to ensure the soil moisture, and to improve the composition of organic matter in the soil, to ensure that the thickness should be maintained at 26 to 36 cm once a year. In order to ensure that the weeds are not blown away by the wind, they should be covered with a thin layer of soil. In order to increase the yield, other crops such as sweet potatoes and peanuts can be planted in the chestnut to improve the soil, thereby enhancing the soil fertility and increasing the fruit setting rate.
2.4 Select disease resistant varieties
In the process of growth, flowering, fruit setting and fruiting of chestnut trees, the occurrence of chestnut pests and diseases is also an important cause of chestnut emptying. If the selection of seeds is poor or the disease resistance is not strong, it will cause its resistance to pests and diseases to be weak. Leading to the occurrence of pests and diseases, the growth of chestnut trees is blocked, unable to flower or fruit, so that chestnuts are reduced. In order to achieve the purpose of prevention, scientifically select resistant varieties, improve the quality of varieties, select suppliers with good reputation and positive channels, and invite relevant people to identify the quality of chestnut trees. Once they are unqualified, they should be discarded in time. Avoid the hidden dangers of pests and diseases, affect the normal growth of chestnut trees, leading to a decline in yield. Scientific selection is an effective way to inhibit the occurrence of pests and diseases. Choosing chestnut varieties resistant to disease, drought, sorghum and high yield, and enhancing the resistance of varieties, is an important way to achieve high yield.
2.5 Raise awareness of preventing empty space and increasing fruit set rate
The growers play an important role in the growth of chestnut trees and are the implementers of plantation management. The problematic work is attributed to the enthusiasm and professional attitude of the growers. Therefore, government departments should strengthen their emphasis on the development of agricultural economy, realize the importance of the development of chestnut planting industry, set up agricultural technology service centers in planting areas, provide farmers with information on chestnut planting, reduce emptying, and improve fruit set rate. Training to enhance their awareness of preventing empty space. In addition, the Agricultural Machinery Service Center can invite experts or professors to give lectures, popularize the skills of chestnut field management, and provide professional technical services. The remote training mode and video training through information technology and remote communication technology can greatly solve the cost of training and improve the quality and efficiency of training.
In summary, through the analysis of the reasons for the empty chestnut, the main causes of the openness, including climatic conditions, pests and diseases, fertilization and poor management in the field, have led to different quality problems in the chestnut, which ultimately leads to empty chestnut.è‹ž Reduce production. In order to cope with the phenomenon of openness, preventive measures should be taken in advance, scientific selection, field management, timely weeding, and biological and chemical control methods for scientific prevention. At the same time, strengthen the business training for growers to improve their awareness of pests and diseases, to achieve the purpose of preventing pests and diseases, and thereby increase the yield of chestnuts. Therefore, scientifically select disease-resistant varieties, improve the quality of varieties; do a good job in predicting the occurrence period of pests and diseases, strengthen early assessment; timely carry out weeding operations to effectively prevent pests and diseases; scientifically carry out pest and disease prevention, promote the combination of biology and chemistry; Farmers' training, raising awareness of pest and disease prevention, etc., to effectively increase the yield of chestnuts and reduce the incidence of pests and diseases.
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