With the development of science and technology and the long-standing unreasonable farming habits, the environment and soil on which we depend have experienced serious pollution. Fertilizers and pesticides were born to increase production and income. In the end, because of unreasonable use, the structural molecules of the soil were destroyed, causing a series of problems such as soil salinization, soil acidification and soil compaction. Crop growth was inhibited, and production was reduced. .
In recent years, although there have been various methods of soil improvement, no matter which method is adopted, soil improvement is not a one-off event, and it is inseparable from everyone's continuous efforts. Soil improvement has a long way to go. So, what methods can effectively improve the soil? There are four general plans we have to say today:
★ First, the rational use of chemical fertilizers;
There is a saying that is good! "Fertilizer is a treasure, increase production is indispensable, use is good, it is not good." From this sentence, we can see that the rational use of chemical fertilizer can achieve the purpose of increasing production. However, the excessive use of fertilizers is also very harmful to the soil. Therefore, the rational use of fertilizers should pay attention to the following points:
1. When applying chemical fertilizers, it is necessary to pay attention to the lack of fertilizer in the soil and crops. What is missing, what is missing, and how much can not be fertilized for production.
2. Different conditions such as base fertilizer, top dressing and spraying, the type and amount of fertilization and concentration are different, and it is necessary for the growers to use it reasonably according to the situation.
In addition, the fact that the use of chemical fertilizers can prevent the continued pollution of the soil is the fundamental method to solve the problem of soil improvement from the source.
★ The second is to increase the amount of organic fertilizer input;
The fertility of the soil is closely related to the content of organic matter in the soil, and the organic fertilizer can supplement the soil with abundant organic matter and nutrients. Pay attention to the following points when using organic fertilizer:
1. Organic fertilizers must be thoroughly decomposed to kill eggs, germs, etc. in raw materials. Unfertilized farmyard manure should not be used.
2. It is necessary to use organic fertilizer from regular manufacturers, or use organic fertilizer such as gold probiotics to prevent organic manufacturers from using organic materials such as heavy metals and other materials.
3. When fermenting organic fertilizers independently, it is necessary to pay attention to the non-toxic and harmless fermentation materials. The raw materials containing heavy metals and antibiotic residues are not suitable for fermenting organic fertilizers, and it is easy to cause secondary pollution to the soil.
Organic fertilizer can gradually activate the soil and fertilize the soil. The current use of organic fertilizer with fertilizer is the most ideal fertilization method!
★ three is to supplement the beneficial bacteria (microbial agents);
★ The fourth is the proper use of soil conditioners.
The main indicator of soil fertility is the content of soil organic matter. Once the soil organic matter is lacking, the beneficial microbial flora of the soil will be unbalanced. The microorganisms promote the decomposition and transformation of soil organic matter and nutrients. The organic matter provides nutrients and suitable environment for the microorganisms to survive. The relationship between the two can be described as "the lips are cold."
In addition, organic fertilizers provide carbon nutrition for crops. It is understood that most growers know the benefits of using organic fertilizer. In their words, "use organic fertilizer, the ground is more energetic." Since organic fertilizer is so important, why not growers or lack of investment?
1. Some growers do not have enough knowledge of organic fertilizers, and do not understand the importance of organic fertilizers on soil fertility;
2, organic fertilizer represented by traditional soil and livestock manure, raw material collection is not very convenient, the growers are difficult to ferment and decompose well, and the production is more troublesome, the inertia of modern people is relatively large, and naturally it is too lazy to use ;
3, the emergence of commercial organic fertilizer is very convenient for growers, but the disadvantage is that the cost of use is too high, the cost is not reasonable, the number of points invested by the growers can not meet the actual needs.
There are two points that are most reasonable for organic fertilizer experts:
First, the selection of high-quality commercial organic fertilizer, commercial organic fertilizer after the factory special fermentation process granulation is not only harmless and convenient to apply.
The second is close-range factory composting, taking local materials, making full use of straw returning and local organic fertilizer resources (such as livestock manure, various agricultural waste scraps, etc.), planting and decomposing, and reducing as much as possible. The cost, thus increasing the input of organic fertilizer, plays a key role in the recovery of soil fertility in successive years.
2, microbial bacteria
Compared with organic fertilizers that require a large amount of input, microbial bacteria can play a role in the soil. Microorganisms can activate soil organic and inorganic nutrients, provide fertilizer utilization, improve soil aggregate structure, degrade heavy metal residues, and inhibit the occurrence of soil-borne diseases. The metabolites of microorganisms contain a variety of natural plant hormones and amino acids and other beneficial substances to promote the healthy growth of plants. However, in order for microbes to function better, they must be based on adequate soil organic nutrition.
Microbial bacteria have many benefits, but often when talking about microbial bacteria, farmers often sigh that the water is too deep:
First, there are too many categories registered by the Ministry of Agriculture. There are seven categories (microbial agents, compound microbial fertilizers, photosynthetic bacteria agents, organic material decomposers, bio-organic fertilizers, endophytic fungi, rhizobial agents). There are hundreds of different strains among the seven categories. Different strains play different roles. For example, silicate bacteria mainly activate soil nutrients, and Streptomyces fuliginea is mainly used for soil-borne bacteria. Suppression and so on;
Second, the quality of microbial bacteria is difficult to distinguish. It is very common to counterfeit, shoddy, and exaggerated propaganda. In the face of mixed microbial products, even law enforcement agencies are powerless (there are few departments that can do testing) Moreover, it is the long-term process of the effects of microorganisms, and most of the effects are difficult to observe in the short term.
3. Soil conditioner
With the occurrence of various problems such as soil acidification and secondary salinization, especially in greenhouse vegetables and fruit trees with high economic benefits, growers are more plagued by soil problems. In recent years, soil conditioners have also begun in these areas. Warming, soil conditioners mainly have loose soil, improve soil aggregate structure, retain water and fertilizer, and alleviate soil acidification and salinization.
The classification of soil conditioners can be broadly divided into four categories:
1. Using natural ore as raw materials: such as potassium feldspar, limestone, dolomite, medical stone, zeolite, phosphate rock powder, etc.;
2. Using industrial by-products, waste slag or waste liquid as raw materials: such as alkali slag, monosodium glutamate fermentation tail liquid, steel slag, etc.;
3, shells as raw materials: oyster shells are mostly calcined at high temperatures.
4, animal hair as raw material: animal hair chelation and so on. There are also some that have not been registered, but are widely used in chemical applications such as polyacrylamide (pinelite), organic such as humic acid, fulvic acid and the like.
It is worthy of advocating that the humic acid products of activated mineral sources have been widely used in foreign countries. In some countries such as Europe and America, humic acid is classified as biostimulating hormone, which has a good effect on soil remediation and stimulation of crop growth. Although soil conditioners have improved and conditioning effects on the soil, it is necessary to know which type of soil is used when selecting. Some are for alkaline soils, some are for acidic soils, and the dosage should be properly grasped. Side effects. In many areas, soil conditioner abuse has occurred due to the driver's interest and the lack of knowledge of users.
The general idea of ​​the action plan for soil environmental protection and pollution control is to protect the safety of agricultural products and the health of human settlements. With the core of improving soil environmental quality, we will strive to curb the expansion of soil pollution and maintain human health by strengthening the legal system. environment safety. We will increase environmental supervision of soil pollution control and utilization, ensure the safety of agricultural products, increase the monitoring of soil environmental quality, and strengthen pollution control and restoration. This is the measure we should take in terms of governance.
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