Box cultivation Japan first invented box cultivation, which is generally used for factory production. The procedure is as follows:
1. The formula cultured mushroom is mainly composed of broad-leaved tree shavings, and it can also be mixed with 20-25% conifer old wood chips or fermented wood chips. Sawdust has band saws, disc saws, band saws are finer, and sawdust is thicker. The mushroom is aerobic, and the thicker sawdust has good gas permeability and is good for bacteria. The formula is: wood pulp 89%, fresh rice bran or wheat bran 10%, lime powder 1%, water content about 60%.
2. The packing bin is made of wood, with a length of 60 cm, a width of 35 cm, a depth of 10 cm, and a wet material of about 8 kg. When packing, the culture material should be wrapped with a polypropylene plastic film with a film area of ​​1.2 × 1 m. The old film should be sterilized with 0.1% potassium permanganate or 0.5% phenol soap solution. The bin is immersed in 0.1% carbendazim or 0.5% sodium pentachlorophenolate or 0.2% copper sulfate.
Usually, the culture material is first boxed and sterilized. The specific method is as follows: the film is placed in a wooden box, and the culture material is loaded, and the compaction is carried out with the compaction, especially the four sides are pressed, and then the surface is flattened with a pressure plate, the material thickness is about 8 cm, and then the perforated plate is used. 20-24 inoculation holes (5-6 rows, 4 holes per row) on the surface. The upper part of the inoculation hole is 2 cm in diameter, 1.5 cm in the lower part, and 5-6 cm in depth, and the material is wrapped with a film.
3. Sterilize the wooden boxes in a zigzag shape and sterilize them in a steam oven (see mushroom cultivation).
4. Inoculate into the bin of the inoculation room and inoculate only when the temperature of the material drops below 30 °C. For safety reasons, it is best to place the sterilized bin in a sterile room overnight and inoculate on the second day of the morning.
When inoculation, the action should be fast. The running water method can be used. Three people are in a group. One of them is moved, one person is uncovered, and one person is inoculated to minimize the film opening time. It is required that the inoculation time of each tank should not be longer than 7-10 seconds. Each bottle of bacteria (750 grams) can be inoculated 5-7 boxes. Before inoculation, excavate the strain from the bottle and smash it into small pieces by hand, but do not break it, then spread it evenly on the surface. Some of the strains naturally fall into the inoculation hole, and it is not necessary to put the seeds into the inoculation point one by one. After inoculation, the film is quickly masked, compacted with a wooden board, and the strain is placed against the culture material, and then the film opening is bonded with a tape to prevent scattering during handling.
5. After inoculation, the boxes are piled up in the room for cultivation. In the early days, overlapping stacking boxes were used, with a height of about 1 meter, 8-10 boxes per pile, and a low temperature room, which can stack 10-12 boxes. The bottom of the box should be padded with square or brick, 30 cm from the ground, which is good for ventilation and ventilation and prevents rat bites. There should be a walkway between each pile to check and reverse the box. Incubators such as corn stoves should not be piled too high to prevent collapse.
Indoor breeding is mainly based on natural temperature, preferably between 5 and 15 °C. If there is no heating condition, it can grow slowly with the natural temperature, and there is no adverse effect. When the natural temperature is above 10 °C, and the temperature difference between the upper and lower chambers is large, the weight should be reversed once every 15 days to make the mycelial development balanced and the mushrooming period consistent. Generally, the bacteria begin to whiten 5-7 days after inoculation. After 10-15 days of culture, the surface of the medium has been covered with white hyphae. For about 2 months, the hyphae can be long-transparent. During the period of bacteria, the indoor relative humidity is 70-75%. When cultivating indoor bacteria, pay attention to ventilation and ventilation. Because the carbon dioxide and heat generated by hyphae respiration accumulate in the film, it will hinder the normal development of the hyphae, and when the hyphae grows vigorously, the heat will not be emitted, which will cause The "burning material" causes the culture material to become sour.
After March, as the temperature rises, the temperature of the culture material in the box also rises. At this time, the box should be changed into a cross or a zigzag stack to facilitate air circulation and lower the culture environment temperature to promote mycelial development.
When inverting indoors, check the survival of the strains at any time. If the strains are not alive, you can use the method of increasing the inoculum (2 to 3 bottles per box). For mushroom boxes contaminated with bacteria, they should be treated separately. Anyone who is contaminated with Neurospora, Rhizopus, and Mucor is not serious. The board can be pressed with a wooden board and placed in a low temperature and dark place. If it is severe, it can be re-sterilized or buried.
At normal temperature, about two months, the surface of the culture material will form a membrane. The membrane is formed after the yellow-brown or reddish-brown secretion on the surface of the bacterium is dried up under conditions of high temperature and good scattered light. The effect of the membrane is similar to that of the bark, which can avoid excessive evaporation of the moisture of the bacteria, but the thick membrane is not conducive to the entry of air and moisture and affects the mushroom. Generally speaking, the well-developed bacteria block has an orange-yellow or rust-colored surface, and has a lacquer-like luster. It is elastic with fingers. When cut open, the internal white hyphae fills the material, does not dry, and has a typical mushroom smell. The bacteria are always in the dark or see the light, the film formation is late, or only some parts can form the membrane, such a mass, the general yield is low. If the bacteria are sticky, the culture material is loose or black and smelly and should be eliminated immediately.
6. Mushrooms are grown in 60-80 days, and the temperature and humidity are suitable for mushrooming. However, when it is caused by natural temperature, it is necessary to reach the temperature below 15 °C after the beginning of autumn to produce mushrooms. Heilongjiang Province generally begins to produce mushrooms in the middle and late September, while Liaoning Province produces mushrooms from late September to early October.
(1) 15 to 20 days before the mushroom is bud, the natural temperature has gradually decreased. The cultivated bacteria should be poured out of the box, placed on the mushroom rack, and the plastic film is opened to make it have sufficient oxygen. Supply to facilitate the differentiation of the original. If the membrane is too thick, it is also necessary to carry out bacteria to facilitate the infiltration of air and water. The membrane is too thick to be conducive to the formation of mushroom buds. The tools for sputum are bamboo knives, nails or special cockroaches. The caries of the sputum sputum should be sharp and the tooth spacing is 3 cm. The bacteria membrane is swayed and scratched on the bacteria block, and the depth is generally 0.5-1 cm. Then lay flat on the mushroom rack and adjust the room temperature to 15 °C. When new hyphae appear in the sputum, immediately water the water, so that the water content of the bacterium is 70%, and then the film is covered, and the primordium appears soon. The differentiated primordium is brown granules, which are transformed into a yellow-brown or reddish-brown color in 1-2 days, and the young mushroom body of the mushroom umbrella and the stipe can be recognized. At this point, you should open the film and enter the mushroom management.
(2) During the mushroom management period, the room temperature is controlled at 10-15 ° C, higher than 20 ° C, the mushroom body develops slowly, the mushroom cover is small, the handle is thin, the meat is thin, and the umbrella is easy to open. If it is lower than 5 ° C, the growth is slow. If the mushroom is found to be too dry during the growth period, it can be sprayed into the air or the ground to increase the relative humidity to 90%. Only a proper amount of water can be sprayed on the mushroom block according to the growth of the mushroom body. The watering is too much, the bacteria block becomes dark reddish brown and loses luster. The growth of the mushroom body is slow, dark reddish brown and sticky. Excessive moisture causes decay. The mushroom grows from the primordium. After 7-10 days, it is harvested before the opening of the umbrella. The harvest is too late, and the cap is opened and turned into rust brown, which reduces the value of the commodity.
After each harvest, it is necessary to remove the residual roots on the surface of the bacteria block and the 3-4 mm thick old fungus in time, stop the watering, cover the film, and keep warm and moisturize. After 5-7 days of growth, when a new primordium appears on the surface of the culture material, the plastic film is opened, and the water is grown for 1-2 days to promote the growth of the mushroom body.
Insulation measures are taken during the severe winter season, as long as there is 5 to 10 °C, the mushroom tide of the mushroom is still very strong. If there is no heating equipment, after the last mushroom picking, air drying after about 10 days, try to reduce the water content of the culture material, and avoid freezing ice during winter storage. Then, the bacteria pieces are collectively stacked in the room, and the bacteria pieces are wrapped with a plastic film to prevent excessive dehydration and maintain the viability of the mycelium. In the spring of next year, when the temperature rises above 5 °C, the film is removed and placed on the mushroom rack to water the mushroom. It can also increase the relative humidity of the air, allowing the culture material to naturally absorb the original primordial. After 1-2 days. Watering, managed as described above. Under normal circumstances, according to 4 kg of dry material per box, 3-4 mushrooms are produced, and fresh mushrooms can be 1.5-2 kg.
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