Sweet potato is an important grain variety, industrial raw material and health food in China. In recent years, the proportion of fresh food and processing has increased year by year, and the market is better, which has become an important high-efficiency crop. In order to make full use of the local light and heat resources, and play an important role in the growth of grain, quality and efficiency of sweet potatoes, according to the natural conditions and production characteristics, the technical guidance for the production of sweet potato in the Yangtze River Basin in 2016 is proposed.
The area is located in the mid-subtropical warm monsoon climate zone on the north and lower reaches of the Yangtze River at about 30° north latitude. The four seasons are distinct, the climate is mild, the light is good, the heat is sufficient, the rainfall is abundant, the annual precipitation is more than 1000 mm, and the annual frost-free period is 225-310. Day (average 260 days), the average annual temperature is 16.6 °C, and the temperature difference between day and night in autumn is suitable for sweet potato yield formation and dry matter accumulation. It is a traditional sweet potato planting area.
This area is China's main grain producing area and one of the three major sweet potato producing areas in China. The planting area accounts for about 50% of the country's planted area. Most of the sweet potato main growing areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are located in the shallow hills and low mountains along the Yangtze River. Although the agricultural production conditions are good, the cultivation area is large, and the yield level is high, the land preparation, transplanting and excavation still depend on the traditional methods and labor. This area is a summer potato area. Generally, it is planted in the early March of each year, and seedlings are planted. In mid-May, transplanting is started in the field. In many places, sweet potato and corn intercropping are used, and in mid-to-late October, harvesting begins. In recent years, the cultivation of vegetables and other cash crops in the winter in this area has faced enormous challenges in the traditional wheat-jad-crop farming method, and its area is declining. According to market demand, most of the sweet potato varieties that are freshly sold and processed are intensively planted, and the area is constantly increasing.
For the production characteristics of the Yangtze River Basin, the following development countermeasures are proposed:
Regional layout. The surrounding areas of the city will give priority to the development of high-quality, shelf-stable, special-purpose fresh sweet potato varieties, new purple potato varieties and high-quality vegetable varieties; the traditional sweet potato main planting area will focus on the development of high-starch processing sweet potato varieties and high-yield new varieties.
Key technology. Demonstration and promotion of virus-free seed potato breeding, plastic film mulching seedlings, standardized cultivation of fresh-type sweet potato, processing and special sweet potato light-simplified cultivation, sweet potato pest and disease monitoring and early warning and green sustainable prevention and control, safe storage and on-site clean processing and comprehensive utilization of waste And other technologies.
Farming mode. Special sweet potato net work, the traditional "mai-yu-è‹• intercropping" model.
(Source: Ministry of Agriculture Potato Experts Guidance Group, National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center)
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