玉米追肥浇水五误区

误区一：基肥不足追肥代 用优质农肥做基肥，能增加土壤有机质和土壤团粒结构，为玉米的生长发育提供所需要的各种营养元素。而化肥就不具备这个优点。“基肥不足追(化)肥代”，只能使土地越种越瘦，越种越板结。 
　　　　误区二：有肥就追，有水就浇 在拔节前的苗期，如不根据天旱程度、墒情好环、苗子强弱等实际情况进行追肥、浇水，往往使地上部的幼苗徒长，地下部的根系难以深扎，使幼苗失去蹲苗锻炼的机会，给以后植株倒伏埋下隐患。在灌浆期过量的追肥浇水，既加大投资，又浪费肥料，还会造成玉米贪青晚熟，遭受霜冻的不良后果。　
　　　误区三：肥多水大多打粮 肥多水大固然是玉米获得高产的先决条件。但使用不当，也只是有害而无利。春播玉米从拔节期开始，营养生长与生殖生长同时并进，孕穗到抽穗达到盛期，开花到灌浆期又转向以生殖生长为主。孕穗到灌浆期是需水肥最多的时期，栽培上要实行“三追肥，三浇水，三中耕”。在拔节开始后进行第一次穴追肥，并适时中耕。在孕穗开始后进行第二次追肥，并中耕。在灌浆时进行第三次穴追肥，这三次追肥总量以不超过30公斤为宜。各次追肥量可掌握前轻中重后轻的原则：拔节期为施肥总量的30％，孕穗期为施肥总量的60％，灌浆期为施肥总量的10％。追肥以尿素为宜。
 　　　　误区四：重视氮磷钾，轻视微肥 微肥对农作物的生长发育影响很大，就拿锌肥来说，玉米对它的反应很敏感。有试验表明：玉米施用锌肥，穗粒数可增加50～80粒，千粒重可增加15～30克，秃尖率减少50％左右，每亩增产8％～15％。
 　　　　误区五：抽穗后用不着追肥、中耕 玉米抽穗后，有不少地块由于基肥施用不足或质量不高，追肥效力又已耗尽，土壤中的营养已经满足不了玉米的生长需要。这就急需酌施一些速效性的氮磷肥，以防早衰，促进灌浆和籽粒饱满，提高千粒重。这次“攻籽肥”要早施，穴施，适量施。要改变那种“立了秋挂锄钩，消消闲闲等秋收”的旧做法，要浅锄，勤锄，经常保持活地皮。

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