Abstract Recently, the US Department of Commerce officially announced the results of the first administrative review of the “double anti-case†of China's photovoltaic products, significantly increasing the double tax rate on China's polysilicon solar cells. In terms of anti-dumping duties, the tax rate of China’s mandatory responding companies is...
Recently, the US Department of Commerce officially announced the final result of the first administrative review of the “double anti-case†of China's photovoltaic products, significantly increasing the double tax rate on China's polysilicon solar cells. In terms of anti-dumping duties, the tax rate of China's mandatory responding enterprises is 0.79% and 33.08%, and the tax rate of other enterprises involved in the case is 238.95%. In terms of countervailing duty, the subsidy rate of China's mandatory responding enterprises is 15.43% and 23.28%. The tax rate of the enterprises involved is 20.94%. EnergyTrend, an energy industry analyst, believes that this ruling may pose an immediate impediment to the export of Chinese components to the United States. In addition to Yingli, the cost of components made from Chinese-made batteries may increase by more than 10%. In addition, Canada also made a final ruling on China's PV modules and wafer anti-dumping and countervailing cases on July 4, and found that China's PV products did not pose a threat to Canada's domestic industry.
Europe and the United States frequently "double anti-" big stick
In recent years, it has become the norm on the journey of China's photovoltaic industry to “going out to seaâ€. In 2011, for the first time in the United States, China's photovoltaic products were proposed to be “double-reverseâ€. Since then, China's photovoltaic industry has been frequently attacked by “double-reverseâ€. In August 2013, China and the EU reached a “price commitment†for the price of crystalline silicon photovoltaic products exported to Europe. Today, related companies have been accused of exporting photovoltaic products to Europe through third places such as Malaysia. On June 3 this year, the Canadian Border Services Agency identified the Chinese PV industry as a non-market economy. On July 4th, the Canadian International Trade Tribunal made a final ruling on China's PV modules and wafers “double anti-caseâ€, and found that China's PV products did not cause damage to its domestic industry, but caused damage.
At present, the EU has decided to conduct an “anti-circumvention investigation†on crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules and key components originating in China. If there is a violation of the “price commitment†in this investigation, the implementation entity will be removed from the list of companies that implement the “price commitment†and will be taxed heavily.
Ren Haoning, a researcher in the energy industry of China Investment Consulting, believes that the above-mentioned "double-reverse" accusation is not established. Because domestic PV modules are cheaper than EU companies, it is a natural phenomenon. The low initial investment such as labor cost, land cost and tax cost is the "core advantage" that China's manufacturing industry has always possessed. It is a typical case of industrial division of labor. It is not that domestic enterprises deliberately and significantly reduce the selling price.
"On the other hand, after the large-scale expansion of domestic PV companies, the agglomeration effect has been highlighted. The most direct impact of large-scale production is to reduce cost input and increase the price advantage of products. No matter which stage of China's PV industry is in "Made in China" , cost reduction is an inevitable result, and has nothing to do with dumping." Ren Haoning said.
Ren Haoning said that as an emerging industry, the photovoltaic industry is highly valued by government departments in all countries of the world. Subsidies are widespread in all aspects of upstream polysilicon production, midstream component processing, and downstream PV power plant construction. This is not an individual case of a country, region, government or enterprise, but a general situation worldwide.
Chinese enterprises move to emerging markets
"But now, the results of the US final review actually have little impact on the domestic PV industry, because the US market share is relatively small." Lin Boqiang, director of the Xiamen University Energy Economic Research Center, believes that this time the sanctions have come, the Chinese PV industry is moving to In the domestic market, the production layout and technical structure were adjusted while doing so, and the sanctions “this gust†passed, and then returned to the European and American markets. Lin Boqiang told reporters that before the "double opposition", Europe and the United States were the most important export markets for Chinese PV. At that time, more than 70% of China's PV products were sold to Europe. After many encounters of “double oppositionâ€, the proportion of European and American markets dropped sharply. Chinese PV companies have learned to break into emerging markets.
According to China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products, China’s exports of solar photovoltaic cells to Europe last year were 2.816 billion U.S. dollars, down 24.25% year-on-year, while exports accounted for only 19.55% of the annual export share. At the same time, Asia has become the main export market for China's photovoltaic products, with the largest share of exports, reaching 7.854 billion US dollars, an increase of 42.73%. The market with the largest export growth last year was in emerging markets such as Latin America, with exports of US$486 million, a year-on-year increase of 159.21%. However, the frequent "double-reverse" sanctions have attracted fears of rising trade protectionism.
Bai Ming, deputy director of the International Market Research Department of the Ministry of Commerce, pointed out that there is a rising trend in photovoltaic trade protectionism. On the one hand, the Sino-European PV price commitment will expire, when the “double-reverse†investigation of China's PV is launched, which is to prepare for the protection of domestic industries after the policy expires; on the other hand, the United States has a little bit of “double-reverse†for China's PV. Start with a strong meaning. China has joined the WTO [microblogging] as a non-market economy country. According to the agreement, this condition will not exist until 2016. It is not easy for the United States to launch a "double-reverse" investigation against China at that time. It may be Take the lead in action before 2016.
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