Since self-contained fish feed can make full use of agricultural and sideline products and reduce feed costs, many farmers begin to produce self- fish feed as commodity feed prices rise;
However, because the majority of farmers' friends lack knowledge of fish nutrition and feed, there are many misunderstandings in the process of producing self-contained fish feed: some farmers pursue high-protein one-sidedly, and some face low-cost and ignore the fish itself. The nutritional needs, the result increases the cost of feed.
To produce high-quality and efficient self-contained fish feed must be considered from the following aspects.
1. Reasonable design of feed formula
Before designing the formula, it is necessary to clarify the type and growth stage of the cultured fish in order to determine the level of nutrients such as protein and energy in the feed: it is necessary to meet the protein needs of fish growth, and to make the ratio of energy and protein moderate. Too high and too low energy to protein ratio are not conducive to fish growth. When designing the formula, we must also consider the relationship between the nutrient water and the bulk density of the feed. It is necessary to ensure that the fish can get enough nutrients and to make it feel full: fish mainly use protein as a source of energy, fat and sugar. The utilization rate is lower, so the demand for protein in fish is higher than that of livestock: in general, the price of protein feed is higher than that of energy materials and roughage. It is imperative to increase the ratio of energy feed to roughage and reduce the feed of protein feed. In contrast, this will inevitably increase feed costs: the demand for various nutrients varies at different stages of fish growth. For example, the content of protein in the feed of juvenile carp is 43% to 41%, 37% to 42% for fish, and 28% to 32% for adult fish.
2, the choice of feed ingredients
The selection of raw materials should be based on the principle of high quality and low price, stable supply and convenient transportation. The more the types of raw materials, the better, if possible, so that the essential amino acids in the feed are balanced as much as possible. Maximize the fish's need for essential amino acids: Never use moldy materials. The moldy material contains a large number of germs and toxins, such as moldy corn containing highly toxic aflatoxins. These feeds are highly susceptible to fish disease after feeding: cottonseed cakes and rapeseed cakes are cheaper and have higher protein content, but they contain anti-nutritional factors such as gossypol and glucosinolate. Multiple uses can affect the growth of fish. Therefore, it is necessary to limit the amount. Generally no more than 10%. Many farmers like to use cheap oil residue and meatloaf, but this kind of raw material is mixed with a large amount of animal skin, which affects the smooth process of crushing and granulation. Fish is not easy to digest after eating: it is contained in oil residue and meatloaf. The fat is saturated fat. Some have been rancid because of storage time. Fish has a low utilization rate of saturated fat. Excessive intake of rancid fat can cause fish to suffer from fatty liver and other diseases. Therefore, the amount of such raw materials should be controlled below 5%. In addition, attention should be paid to raw materials when selecting raw materials. The moisture content of the air-dried feed in the southern region is generally 12% 13%. Excessive moisture will reduce the nutritional value of the feed, and may also cause mildew in the feed and shorten the storage time of the feed.
3, the control of the processing technology
The process of producing self-mixed feed in rural areas generally includes pulverization, mixing, granulation, and conditional places include quenching and tempering before granulation. Crushing can increase the contact area between feed and animal digestive enzymes, improve digestion and absorption of substances, nitrogen and energy, and reduce feed coefficient. The pulverized particle size is too coarse and too fine. The raw materials for the fish compound feed should be pulverized to all through the 40 mesh sieve, and the 60 mesh sieve is not more than 20%. The optimum pulverized size of the carp fingerling feed is 177 цm, and the pulverized particle size of the carp juvenile compound feed should pass through a 5060 mesh sieve (0.30 o.25 mm). Mixing is the main link to ensure the quality of the feed and improve the feed. Feeding practice shows that if the components in the compound feed are mixed unevenly, it will significantly affect the growth of the fish, and in severe cases, it will lead to death. This is because the uneven mixing makes the distribution of various nutrients in the same batch of seeds uneven, which can not achieve the effect of the formula. If some local additives such as heavy metals are too high, fish poisoning will die. The mixing quality can be improved from the following three aspects.
1 Appropriate loading, too much or too little loading will affect the mixing quality, the batch mixer should have a fullness factor of 0.60.8, and the continuous mixer requires a fullness factor of 0.5 or less.
2 Mastering of the mixing time, the mixing time is too short to achieve sufficient mixing, and too long will cause separation, which also affects the mixing quality. The determination of the mixing time depends on the mixing speed of the mixer, which is generally about 6 minutes.
3 operation sequence, generally the component with a large proportion is added first or most of the components are added to the machine and then the small amount and trace components are placed on the material; the material with large particle size is added first, the particle size is small plus: the specific gravity is small The material is added first. More important than the addition. The quenching and tempering is a process in which the feed granules pass through the steam, the feed and the steam are mixed and mixed, and the starch of the feed is gelatinized under the action of moist heat to increase the digestibility; the feed after the tempering is good in fluidity, and the adhesion of the feed can be increased. Conducive to feed formation. The key to quenching and tempering is to control the quenching and tempering steam, which is required to be used for saturated steam. Generally, the required amount of steam is calculated based on 5% of the material.
In addition, the quenching and tempering temperature should be determined according to the composition of the feed. Because the natural protein content of the fish feed is high, the material temperature needs to reach above 85 °C: The pellets can be fixed in the pellet feed to prevent the animals from picky eating. The use of fish feed pellets can also reduce waste, reduce water pollution and reduce morbidity. The particle size of the pellet feed should be determined by the width of the fish's mouth crack. The grain size of the feed should be less than 1/2 of the mouth crack: for example, the full length of the grass species and the corresponding feed size are: 4.05.o cm, o.81 .omm;5.o a 6.o cm, 1.21.5mm; 6.o a 7.ocm, 1.52.omm; 7.o-8.ocm, 2.o a 2.5mm.
4, the rational use of additives
Feed additive refers to substances added to the diet to protect nutrients in the feed, promote digestion and absorption of nutrients, regulate body metabolism, improve animal health, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of nutrients, improving animal production and improving the quality of animal products. General: For vitamins and mineral additives, due to the variety, low dosage, and high technical content in the combination of various vitamins and minerals, farmers buy their own micro vitamins and a single mineral to compound The effect is very poor, can not reach the balance of all kinds of material questions: the production of white compound feed can use the vitamins and mineral premixes produced by specialized manufacturers, according to the variety and growth stage of the cultured fish, reasonable production: production of self-contained feed A small amount of special feed can be prepared according to your own needs. For example, according to the incidence of fish in the pool, the symptomatic drug can be added into the feed to make a bait for convenient use: when using the drug additive, it is necessary to abide by the relevant national laws and regulations, and it is absolutely not allowed to add drugs prohibited by the state. Some farmers add yoghurt that is banned in aquatic products to the feed to accelerate the growth of fish. However, a large number of studies have shown that although wow ethanol can promote growth by antibacterial, long-term use will reduce the transport resistance of fish, increase the mortality during transportation, and also reduce the quality of fish products and endanger human health.
Recent studies have shown that the addition of new additives such as probiotics, enzyme preparations, and Chinese herbal medicines to feeds can significantly improve fish nutrition, promote fish growth, and reduce morbidity. Probiotics are a concept that is relative to “antibiotics†and refers to active microorganisms or cultures that can be directly fed to animals and that are used to prevent disease, promote animal growth, and improve feed utilization by regulating the micro-ecological balance of the gastrointestinal tract of the animal: probiotics To a large extent, it replaces the function of antibiotics without any side effects. The enzyme is a biologically active protein. As a feed additive, it is mainly a digestive hydrolase. The enzymes include protease, amylase, phytase, cellulase, etc., and complex enzyme preparations containing various enzymes. The combination of probiotics and enzyme preparations is better in production. The optimum combination level of grass carp feed is probiotic 0.52% o.66%, enzyme preparation o.20% o.21%; optimum combination level in carp feed For probiotics o.57% o.69%, the enzyme preparation added o.14% o.18%. China's Chinese herbal medicine resources are abundant. For a long time, our people have accumulated rich experience in using Chinese herbal medicines to prevent and treat diseases: Chinese herbal medicines are added into feed to make medicine baits, which are convenient to use and non-toxic and no residue: if three yellow powder is added to the feed, it can effectively prevent grass carp three diseases. The addition of Chinese herbal medicines such as pine needles, wormwood and medlar to fish feed can increase the survival rate and promote growth. With the deepening of the action of pollution-free food in our country. It is inevitable that the fish feed is not polluted, so these new additives should be used as much as possible in the production of self-contained feed for fish.
Surgical Gloves Disposable,Disposable Sterile Gloves,Disposable Surgical Gloves,Disposable Surgical Gloves Price
Ningbo Autrends Prevention Products Co., Ltd , https://www.autrendsafety.com