For the relationship between the die edge form and the punching force, the relevant shear can be used for analysis. Regardless of the extent to which the relief die wears, the initial gap does not substantially change. Thus, the fillet radius of the concave-convex mold increases as the amount of wear increases, and the shear force also increases.
However, as the convex and concave molds wear, the initial gap also changes, and the force of shearing the material is smaller because the real gap is increased. In fact, the imaginary gap is still the case where the edge of the blade is rounded. If the edge is rounded, the size is still smaller. In addition, the effect of clearance on the punching force has been proven. Regardless of the imaginary gap, the actual gap is different.
In addition, since the cutting edge formed by the relief angle of the concave die β is easier to be extruded into the material than the straight cutting edge, the shear deformation of the material is limited to a relatively narrow range. The concentrated squeezing force near the tip is larger. Of course, the rupture resistance is smaller than that of the straight edge. The die edge has a back angle and is weaker than the straight edge when punching. It must be noted that in the work of the die, the punch is worn faster than the die, and the die failure is often caused by the first damage of the punch. Therefore, the difference in wear between the balance convex and concave molds should be compensated by the form of the back angle of the concave mold edge.
In short, the die is a straight edge, the material shear resistance is large, and the resistance of the die edge has a back angle, which is the relationship between the die edge and the punching force.
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